Biogênese, liberação e transporte de gotículas lipídicas: revisão

Abstract

Lipids are present in all types of organisms, whether formed by one or more cells and are very important because they play multiple roles in several ways. Understanding the mechanisms that involve lipids can generate many benefits, both for the health area, understanding the diseases that are based on problems in lipid metabolism, and for the economic area, in the development of techniques to improve the production of biomass in microalgae and oilseeds. It is known that by absorbing excess lipids, the cells convert them into triglycerides and other products, both for storage and for a wide variety of purposes. Such lipids are stored at the hydrophobic phase of the lipid bilayer of the endoplasmic reticulum with help from proteins such as DGAT, SEIPIN, FIT and / or ACSL3. They promote the appearance of a protuberance called lipid lens, which subsequently gives rise to the lipid droplets, which are regulated by the PAT protein family. A group of proteins, together with COPI protein, form complexes that help in the regulation and connection of lipid droplets with other organelles. During the need for displacement to other cell sectors, interactions between proteins, including RAB, are initiated which promote movement along the cytoskeleton. However, much remains to be studied so that the pathways involved can be fully understood.