Artigo
Systematics of spiny-backed treefrogs (Hylidae: Osteocephalus): An Amazonian puzzle
Fecha
2013-07-01Registro en:
Zoologica Scripta, v. 42, n. 4, p. 351-380, 2013.
0300-3256
1463-6409
10.1111/zsc.12015
WOS:000320286100002
2-s2.0-84879083763
Autor
Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales 'Bernardino Rivadavia'-CONICET
Universidad de Buenos Aires
Carnegie Museum of Natural History
American Museum of Natural History
Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS)
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires, IEGEBA-CONICET
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences
Royal Ontario Museum
Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC)
Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos
Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco
Fundación para la Conservación del Bosque Chiquitano
National Museum
Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana
Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden
Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales-CSIC
Coastal Plains Institute and Land Conservancy
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)
Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas
Resumen
Spiny-backed tree frogs of the genus Osteocephalus are conspicuous components of the tropical wet forests of the Amazon and the Guiana Shield. Here, we revise the phylogenetic relationships of Osteocephalus and its sister group Tepuihyla, using up to 6134 bp of DNA sequences of nine mitochondrial and one nuclear gene for 338 specimens from eight countries and 218 localities, representing 89% of the 28 currently recognized nominal species. Our phylogenetic analyses reveal (i) the paraphyly of Osteocephalus with respect to Tepuihyla, (ii) the placement of 'Hyla' warreni as sister to Tepuihyla, (iii) the non-monophyly of several currently recognized species within Osteocephalus and (iv) the presence of low (<1%) and overlapping genetic distances among phenotypically well-characterized nominal species (e.g. O. taurinus and O. oophagus) for the 16S gene fragment used in amphibian DNA barcoding. We propose a new taxonomy, securing the monophyly of Osteocephalus and Tepuihyla by rearranging and redefining the content of both genera and also erect a new genus for the sister group of Osteocephalus. The colouration of newly metamorphosed individuals is proposed as a morphological synapomorphy for Osteocephalus. We recognize and define five monophyletic species groups within Osteocephalus, synonymize three species of Osteocephalus (O. germani, O. phasmatus and O. vilmae) and three species of Tepuihyla (T. celsae, T. galani and T. talbergae) and reallocate three species (Hyla helenae to Osteocephalus, O. exophthalmus to Tepuihyla and O. pearsoni to Dryaderces gen. n.). Furthermore, we flag nine putative new species (an increase to 138% of the current diversity). We conclude that species numbers are largely underestimated, with most hidden diversity centred on widespread and polymorphic nominal species. The evolutionary origin of breeding strategies within Osteocephalus is discussed in the light of this new phylogenetic hypothesis, and a novel type of amplexus (gular amplexus) is described. © 2013 The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.