Tese de Doutorado
Autorrelato da deficiência e características individuais no contexto urbano: estudo Saúde em Beagá
Fecha
2016-06-27Autor
Monica Faria Felicissimo
Institución
Resumen
Introduction: The World Report on disability estimate that over one billion people worldwide, 15% of the population live with some form of impairment, whether temporary or permanent and high vulnerability to health. In Brazil, the prevalence ranges from 2.8% to 24% depending on the population studied and the criteria used for the definition of impairment. This prevalence is expected to increase in the coming years by rapid population aging and the severity of chronic degenerative diseases. This fact has reflected in the growing academic interest in studies on people with disabilities. Objective: Investigate the prevalence of impairment in the population of a large urban center and its association with sociodemographic and health characteristics, stratified by sex (Article 1), and to estimate whether the low socioeconomic position and higher frequency of diseases are associated with a higher prevalence of self-reported impairment (Article 2). Methods: Data were obtained from a population-based household survey named The BH Health Study conducted by the Urban Health Observatory in two of the nine health districts of Belo Horizonte: Oeste and Barreiro between 2008 and 2009. The sample was probabilistic, stratified by conglomerates in three stages: census tracts, households and individuals. The sample consisted of 4,048 individuals aged 18 years. The response variable was impairment (IMP), defined from the self-reported problems in the functions or structure of the body, it was operationalized by the question: Mr(s) do you have any limitation, difficulty or impairment (either motor, visual, hearing or other). The explanatory variables were gender, age, skin color, marital status, family income, the respondent's education, self-reported morbidity, health self-assessment, quality of life and satisfaction with life (Article 1), and socioeconomic position status index that included maternal education variables of the respondent and family income and morbidity (Article 2). In the data analysis were used varied univariate (2 test and Wald test adjusted for comparison between sex) and multivariate by CHAID (Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector) algorithm to identify the factors associated with IMP (Article 1). Was used factor analysis by principal components to assess the composition of socioeconomic position index and the odds ratio to assess the magnitude of the association between the study variables and the explanatory variable using logistic regression analysis considering the sample design (Article 2). Results: Between the 4,048 interviewed individuals, the average age was 40.9 (± 16.1) years, and the majority of women (53.1%). The prevalence of impairment was 10.4% (95% CI: 9.1 to 11.7%), higher in females (11.9%; 95% CI: 10.2 to 13.6) compared to males (8.7%; 95% CI: 6.8 to 10.5) (p-value = 0.011). In univariate analysis, all variables were associated with IMP, except family income (p-value = 0.256) and life satisfaction (p-value = 0.407) for males and skin color for both sexes. Comparing the sexes there was a higher prevalence of impairment for women of non-white skin color, separate marital status, legally separated and widowed, education over 12 years, better self-reported health and quality of life when compared to men with the same characteristics. In multivariate analysis, the variable that best discriminated impairment for women was age and morbidity and for men was education and health self-assessment (Article 1), the self-reported impairment age was associated (OR = 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03) to the account of two or more disease (OR = 3.24; 2.16 to 4.86) and the index of socioeconomic status (OR = 0.96; 95% CI: .95 to .97) (Article 2). Conclusion: The results suggest different behaviors between women and men with impairment, the most vulnerable women according to health characteristics and men according to socioeconomic characteristics. The low socioeconomic status appears to contribute to the occurrence of impairment. These results reinforce the need to implement educational programs and professional training, as well as the need for effective public health policies to reduce health inequities among people with disabilities.