Associação entre padrões comportamentais compostos por fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas não transmissíveis e a autoavaliação positiva da saúde na população adulta das capitais dos estados e Distrito Federal

Abstract

Introduction: Self-reported of health status refers to the perception of own health. It is a simple and inexpensive measure with good capacity to indicate health status of individuals and populations given your association with the risk of developing various diseases and death.Objective: To identify behavioral patterns composed of risk and protection factors for CNCD and to analyze their relationship with positive self-reported of health in the adult population of the capitals of the States and the Federal District. Methods: Data from individuals interviewed by Vigitel (System for Surveillance of Risk Factors and Protection for ChronicDiseases) were analyzed between 2009 and 2010. About 108 thousand adult individuals (18 years old) living in Brazilian capitals and in the Federal District were interviewed. Individuals with positive health self-reported (good or very good health) were identified. The PrincipalComponent Analysis (PCA) was used to identify the patterns formed by risk and protection behaviors. Multiple regression models (logistic type) were used to analyze the relationship between identified patterns and positive self-reported of health. Results: About two-thirds of the population (67.39%) evaluated their health positively. The frequency of positive selfreported of health was higher among men (72.34%) than among women (63.15%) and tended to decrease with increasing age ranging from 76.69% for individuals aged between 18 and 24 years old up to 50.01% for those aged over 65 or more - and to increase directly with the level of schooling - ranging from 54.95% for individuals aged 0 to 8 years of schooling up to 82 , 86% for those with schooling greater than or equal to 12 years. Two significant patterns are identified, the first consisting predominantly of protection factors and the second by riskfactors for CNCD. Adherence to the pattern formed by protective factors was positively associated with a greater chance of positive health evaluation. Individuals in the upper fifth of the distribution of the adherence score to the pattern formed by protective factors had a 2.38times greater chance of positively assessing their own health when compared to individuals in the first fifth of the distribution. Conclusion: Was identified two patterns of behavior composed of risk factors and protection for CNCD, one composed predominantly by protection factors and the other by risk factors. The adherence to the protection pattern wasshowed strongly associated with positive self-reported health, with no clear relation identified in the case of the risk pattern. These results reinforce the importance of the adopting protective behaviors, both in reducing morbidity and mortality and in improving the quality of life of the population.