Padrões recentes de inserção e mobilidade do trabalho doméstico no Brasil metropolitano: descontinuidades e persistências

Abstract

Domestic work is the occupation the employs the most women in Brazil. Almost exclusively female, black and poor, this occupation is vulnerable and treated differently even by the legislation. Its unique features also arise from the fact that it is not part of the productive circuit of the economy. The objective of this dissertation is to identify if there were changes in the placement and mobility on this occupation at the metropolitan areas of Brazil in recent years. Data from Pesquisa Mensal do Emprego (IBGE), from 2002 to 2014, was used to formulate contingency tables with the transition and immobility frequencies. The sample was classified in groups: inactivity, unemployment, and four socio-occupational categories (manual, intermediate, superior and domestic workers). The methodology used identifies the effects of the life cycle, conjuncture and generation by comparing the fit of log linear models. It was found that the period was the most important dimension for modeling the frequencies at the transition contingency table. Cohort was the second most important, mainly because the addition of variables like household condition and race dilute the effect on changes across generations. Also, over time less young women are working as domestic workers, and there is more mobility between these professionals than between other occupational groups. The lack of protection and the devaluation of this professional can originate this process. That does not happen in the same way for older women as they have less mobility. Thus, the occupation is getting older, as the average age is getting higher. It was also found that the household conditio has a major effect on the persons category of origin and destiny. Furthermore, there is a large effect of being black on the placement and mobility between these occupational groups, even after controlling for other characteristics of the woman. Although this color effect is diminishing on recent years, the odds of black women being domestic workers remains constant, as the society is not getting over the stigma and prejudice that this profession is based on.