Dissertação
Análise do processo regulatório ambiental na implantação de pequenas centrais hidrelétricas no estado de Minas Gerais
Fecha
2020-07-15Autor
Mateus Romão Oliveira
Institución
Resumen
Environmental licensing is one of the main instruments of the National Environment
Policy (PNMA). It is applied to enterprises which are potentially polluting and degrading
the environment, such as Small Hydropower Plants (SHP), since its construction
causes significant environmental and social damage to the region where it is intended
to deploy and operate them. Given the current interest in renewable energy sources
for electricity generation, and in order to contribute to mitigating the emission of
greenhouse gases, the objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of
the environmental licensing of SHPs, considering the technological profile, the
constructive aspects, the socioenvironmental impacts and the conflicts of this type of
enterprise. For this purpose, environmental licensing processes of SHPs formalized at
the Regional Environmental Regulation Superintendencies (SUPRAM) and approved
by the State Council for Environmental Policy of the State of Minas Gerais in the
Preliminary License phase were selected as case studies of this research. The
methodology chosen is based on documental investigation, especially over the
environmental studies that make up the environmental licensing processes of these
enterprises, and those referring to the SUPRAM procedures for the cases considered,
in order to verify how the respective processes were instructed, its coherence,
uniformity and results, identifying, from there, the weaknesses of the regulatory
process. The main results obtained demonstrate the low quality of the Environmental
Impact Study and the Environmental Impact Report; the lack of standardization of
technical analysis by the environmental agency; and the lack of capacity of the
environmental agency to incorporate the participation of populations subjected to
SHP’s activity impacts. Finally, based on the premise that licensing is an important
instrument for assessing socialenvironmental viability in the context of the PNMA, the
analysis carried out supported the proposition of a set of procedures to be considered
in future analyzes of environmental licensing processes for SHPs in Minas Gerais.