Dissertação
Síntese de bio-hidrocarbonetos via desoxigenação de óleos de soja e macaúba utilizando catalisador de nióbio sob pressão atmosférica
Fecha
2021-02-26Autor
Yara Aparecida Melo
Institución
Resumen
This dissertation aims to synthesize bio-hydrocarbons from the deoxygenation
of soybean oils and macauba pulp using niobium as a catalyst, under
atmospheric pressure, for the production of drop-in biofuels, which are free of
oxygen in its structure and considered the most efficient biofuels and demanded
for their characteristics similar to the properties of fossil derivatives. The used
oils were characterized by determining acidity, humidity, fatty acid composition,
thermogravimetric curve (TG-DTG), and infrared spectrum (FTIR-ATR). The
catalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction spectrometry, thermal analysis
(TG-DTG), nitrogen gas adsorption analysis, programmed ammonia
temperature desorption (TPD-NH3), and pyridine adsorption. The catalytic tests
for the study of the deoxygenation reactions were made by varying the time (2.5
to 5.0h), temperature (250 to 400 ºC), and proportion of catalyst (0 to 20 %).
The products were characterized using gas chromatography coupled to mass
spectrometry (GC-MS) and spectroscopy in the medium infrared region (FTIRATR). The calorific values of the most relevant products were determined, being
43.32 and 44.62 MJ kg
-1
. The best results were obtained for the process using
20 % by mass of catalyst, temperature of 350 ºC and a reaction time of 2.5
hours, in a batch process with high yields (85 %) of bio hydrocarbons, mainly in
the range of bio-jet fuel (59 %), using macauba pulp oil and green diesel (67 %),
for soybean oil. Catalyst reuse tests were performed indicating good stability of
up to five cycles tested. This route proved to be very promising for industrial use
due to the high yields in a low processing time.