| dc.description.abstract | External causes are among the main reasons off mortality in the world, with trauma accounting for a great number of deaths and permanent disability. Massive blood loss is the leading cause of preventable death in trauma. In cases of massive hemorrhages, massive transfusion of blood components may be necessary, however aspects about this procedure are controversial in the literature. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the epidemiological aspects of massive transfusions in trauma patients admitted in a hospital that is recognized for trauma care in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. This is a non-concurrent cohort study, in which records of massive transfusions of 110 trauma patients aged over 18 years, admitted between january 2019 and june 2020, were analyzed. Data were obtained through the records of the hospital's transfusion agency and the patients' charts. For data analysis, descriptive and inferencial statistics were used, using simple and accumulated frequency, measures of central tendency and dispersion, analysis of information loss, as well as Kappa statistics, incidence estimation and Kaplan-Meier statistics and log-test. rank. In 78.18% of the cases there was the occurrence of blunt trauma, caused by most of the time by collisions (40.00%) and being run over (18.18%). The largest number of patients was male with a median age of 36.5 years. The Advanced Support Units of the Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência, was responsible for 45.37% of transport of the victims to the hospital. At admission, the median of patient data indicated sensory alteration (Glasgow Coma Scale 13), hypotension (90 mmHg) and tachycardia (110 BPM). There were 45 deaths, 19.09% within 6 hours of admission, 12.73% between 6 and 24 hours after admission, and 9.09% after 24 hours of admission. Infection, sepsis, and acute renal failure were the most reported complications during hospitalization, with patients suffering from blunt trauma with traumatic brain injury being the most affected. At the time of discharge, the patients had some limitation, demand for care or recommendation for follow-up or new surgery. In 77.27% of the cases, the emergency transfusion protocol was activated, and the median time between admission and the first dispensing of blood components was 19 minutes. Shock Index (with a cutoff point of 0.9) and the Assessment of Blood Consumption score (with a cutoff point of 2.0) had moderate agreement (42.77%/p<0.001), by the Kappa test, to predict the need for massive transfusion. The incidence density of deaths for this group of patients was 13.57 (10.13-18.17 95%CI) per thousand person-day. The probability of death was higher among patients who did not use platelets and tranexamic acid, with no statistically significant difference compared to those who did not use these substances. It was identified that the probability of death among patients who used volumes equal to or greater than 10 units of packed red blood cells was higher than for those patients who used smaller volumes of this blood component (p < 0.05). The analysis showed that trauma victims submitted to massive transfusiosns are young men, with severe condition and who are more likely to progress to deth when they receive volume of red blood cells greater than 3000ml. The results provide information that contributes to the assessment and follow-up of these patients, as signs of severity and factors to be observed in its evolution, as well as whic can determine a greater probability of death. They reinforce the importance of caring in pre-hospital environment, during hospital care and after discharge. | |
