Dissertação
Um conceito para autossuficiência em energia: abordagem sobre a demanda residencial de eletricidade em Minas Gerais com vistas à universalização
Fecha
2021-08-25Autor
Fabrício Pinheiro Calil
Institución
Resumen
This work consists of an exploratory and applied research, that addresses the theme of energy
self-sufficiency in order to contribute with a proposal for a comprehensive definition of the
term. Applying a literature review methodology on self-sufficiency, it was possible to verify
that, in most cases, the meanings of autonomy and independence are almost always associated
with the concept. Thus, based on these meanings, we sought to establish this relationship and
contextualization within the scope of energy systems. The definition developed in this work
followed the format of a pyramid, composed of a series of hierarchical requirements that would
necessarily need to be fully met in order to attribute the condition of self-sufficiency in energy
to the geographic region defined for study. Since the proposed concept also allows the analysis
of energy sources taken in isolation, as a way of appreciating the developed concept, an exercise
was carried out to assess self-sufficiency in electric energy in the state of Minas Gerais. Electric
energy was chosen because it is one of the main energy sources used by society, in addition to
its wide range of end uses and improvement in the population's quality of life. The case study
characterized the state according to the requirements that compose the concept, from the bottom
to the top: Availability of Primary Sources; Energy Sector; Energy Services; Efficiency,
Sufficiency and Quality of Services Parameters; Sustainability; Universalization of Access to
Energy Services, highlighting the latter, considered in this research as the most relevant. With
an emphasis on the demand for electricity in the residential sector in Minas Gerais, an indicator
called Basic Electricity Consumption Standard was developed to estimate the level of
universalization of services considered essential. The result indicated that a significant part of
the population of Minas Gerais has some type of restriction to these services. Based on
universalized demand, three scenarios were designed for the demand in the residential sector in
the period 2019-2030. In this same time horizon and scenarios, supply and total demand data
were crossed in order to support the analysis of self-sufficiency. The results indicated that, in
general terms, the state would have an energy generation infrastructure capable of meeting its
own demand by 2030. In its conclusions, the work sought to draw an overview of the
opportunities and barriers regarding self-sufficiency in electricity Minas Gerais and universal
access to services provided by this source.