Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV – 1): aspectos biológicos, epidemiológicos, doenças associadas, tratamento e controle

Abstract

The human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) are retroviruses that belong to the Retroviridae family, Orthoretrovirinae subfamily, genus Deltaretrovirus having been discovered so far HTLV four types: HTLV-1, HTLV-2, HTLV-3 and HTLV4. HTLV-1 is an oncogenic virus preferentially infects CD4 + T lymphocytes and was the first retrovirus associated with human diseases discovered. Currently is endemic in Japan, the Caribbean, South and Central America, Equatorial Africa, Middle East, Melanesian Islands and northeast Iran. In Brazil, the HTLV-1 was first described in 1986 in individuals from Okinawa, southern Japan, and based in Campo Grande (MS). Infection with the virus can lead to chronic and progressive diseases such as HAM / TSP and ATL, as well as other inflammatory diseases. About 5% of individuals infected with HTLV-1 have an illness associated with this virus. The diseases can be chronic and progressive diseases such as tropical spastic paraparesis / HTLV associated myelopathy (HAM / TSP) and the Leukemia / T cell lymphoma in adults (ATL), and others. Thus, this study aimed to make a review on this agent, addressing structural, taxonomic, clinical and epidemiological of Human T-lymphotropic virus.