O lazer na assistência terapêutica ocupacional a usuários adultos: percepção dos terapeutas ocupacionais dos centros de referência em saúde mental de Belo Horizonte/MG

Abstract

Leisure is one of the areas of human occupation inserted in daily life, being a field of study and of occupational therapy intervention. Mental health users, due to impairment due to pathology, social stigma or for subjective and singular reasons, have several impaired occupational areas of life, with leisure being one of them. The research, presented in this thesis, investigated and analyzed how leisure assistance is configured, provided by occupational therapists, to adult users assisted in public mental health emergency services in the city of Belo Horizonte / MG. The interface between Leisure and Occupational Therapy was specifically investigated; analyzed the perception of occupational therapists working in public emergency services of adult mental health in the city of Belo Horizonte, about leisure and investigated the occupational therapeutic clinical reasoning of professionals who include leisure in their practices. A semi-structured interview guide was used with 23 occupational therapists working in the mental health emergency in the municipal public network of care of Belo Horizonte, precisely in the Reference Centers in Mental Health and in the Reference Centers in Mental Health Alcohol and Drugs. Occupational therapists working in the mental health network assisting only children were excluded. The data were analyzed following the hermeneutic-dialectic methodology proposed by Minayo. 13 categories were identified and organized into 3 themes: Understanding Leisure, Leisure in Everyday Life and Cross-cutting Themes. It is concluded that the learning of occupational therapists, whether formal or informal, influences their conceptions of leisure, as well as, the inclusion or not of this occupation in their clinical reasoning and occupational therapeutic work. The socioeconomic and cultural political context of Brazil and the organization of work at CERSAMs are also closely correlated with the performance of professionals, whether with challenging impacts or enhancing care. Leisure in the perspective of the dimension of culture and human need combined with the principles of psychosocial rehabilitation and Brazilian psychiatric reform and, understood as an occupation based on reflections and concepts arising from Occupational Science, can be a therapeutic ally to professionals and users as a tool that promotes pleasure, social belonging, autonomy, contractuality and occupational consciousness.