Avaliação da variação da temperatura da solução irrigadora em repouso e em agitação com XP-endo Finisher e irrisonic - mensurações in vivo

Abstract

Irrigation solution agitation techniques improve the efficacy of apical cleaning by increasing the fluids flow, potentiating disinfection of the root canal. Passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) is the most used technique and promotes, besides a better cleaning, the increase of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) temperature. The XP-endo Finisher system, a special type of thermally treated NiTi rotary instrument, has its capacity to reach and increase efficiency due to a change in its conformation. This, occurs due to the reverse transformation of martensite when the instrument comes in contact with body temperature inside the root canal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the temperature variation of the irrigation solution inside the pulp chamber in three clinical situations: at resting and after mechanical agitation with the XP-endo Finisher system and PUI. Transformation temperatures of XP-Endo Finisher instruments were determined by DSC. A digital thermocouple was used to measure the irrigant temperature, inside the pulp chamber. Three measurements were performed in each teeth (n = 12): with irrigant at resting, during agitation with XP-Endo Finisher and during the use of PUI, both for 60 seconds, observing the temperature evolution. Data were statistically analyzed using t-student test, with a confidence level of 95%. DSC results suggested that XP-Endo finisher at room temperature will be in a mixed R-phase and austenitic structure. For the protocol performed with the XP-Endo file, the mean temperature observed at the time of instrument insertion inside the root canal was 28,7ºC. After 60 seconds of agitation temperature reached 34°C. The stabilization of the solution temperature inside the canal at 35.5°C was observed only after 211 seconds. The mean maximum irrigation solution temperature recorded inside the canal was 35.5°C with the irrigant at resting and after XP-endo agitation (p>0.05). For the protocol performed with PUI, after 30 seconds of irrigation solution activation the temperature of NaOCl reached 33.3°C and after 60 seconds 37.8°C, an increase of approximately 10°C in the irrigant temperature was observed. The XP-endo Finisher system does not promote heating of the irrigation solution, but the file expansion which is responsible for the instruments better cleaning ability will occur and it starts in a temperature under the expected. The 60 seconds PUI agitation protocol, can be considered a safe technique that besides the benefits described in the literature of increasing fluid flow dynamics, do not promote an overheating that could cause damage to periodontal organic tissues.