Impacto do exercício resistido e vibratório sobre a densidade mineral óssea do quadril em indivíduos acima de 50 anos

Abstract

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a serious public health problem in Brazil, related to a high rate of morbidity and disability, caused mainly by falls. Therefore, it is extremely important to analyze the effectiveness of interventions aimed on its prevention and treatment. General purpose: Realize a systematic review of the literature to assess the impacts of the two modalities that are still not very much practiced by people over 50 years old in our society: resistance exercise (ER) and vibration exercise (VE), that are made on a vibrating platform, on the bone mineral density (BMD) of the total hip, or femoral neck, or trochanter in individuals of this age group. Methods: It was realized a research in a data base of Medline, Bireme and PEDro, in the period of September to October of 2011, looking for studies published in the last 10 years documenting the impacts of those referred interventions in individuals of both sex and over 50 years old. Data were extracted in a standardized manner of each study, and a methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Results: For the RE were selected six studies totalizing 545 participants, in which 63% were women. Regarding the assessment of the quality of evidence of the studies, the scores ranged from 4/10 to 7/10 on the PEDro scale. Now, about the VE, four studies were selected, in a total of 265 female participants. Concerning the evidences of the studies, the scores ranged from 4/10 to 10/10 on the PEDro scale. Despite the diversity of protocols and characteristics of the participants prevented a pooling of results, the synthesis levels of evidence demonstrated that there is a strong evidence of positive effects of both interventions on the hip bone mineral density of individuals over 50 years old, especially in females. None of the analyzed studies reported injury of any kind in the participants, demonstrating the safety of such interventions. Conclusion: It was not possible to conclude what kind of exercise, resistance or vibration, was more effective on the BMD of the hip in patients over 50 years old. The methodological heterogeneity and lack of studies that compares both interventions contributed to these results. Future studies on this subject should be encouraged to support the therapeutic approach.