Artículos de revistas
Sex differences in self-construal and in depressive symptoms : predictors of cross-national variation
Fecha
2020Registro en:
0022-0221 (impreso)
1552-5422 (online)
10.1177/0022022120939655
Autor
Smith, Peter B.
Easterbrook, Matthew J.
Al-Selim, Heyla
Lun, Vivian Miu Chi
Koc, Yasin
Gul, Pelin
Papastylianou, Dona
Grigoryan, Lusine
Torres, Claudio
Efremova, Maria
Hassan, Bushra
Ahmad, Abd Halim
Al-Bayati, Ahmed
Anderson, Joel
Cross, Susan E.
Delfino, Gisela
Gamsakhurdia, Vladimer
Gavreliuc, Alin
Gavreliuc, Dana
Gunsoy, Ceren
Hakobjanyan, Anna
Lay, Siugmin
Lopukhova, Olga
Hu, Ping
Sunar, Diane
Texeira, Maria Luisa
Mendes Tripodi, Doriana
Diaz Rivera, Paola Eunice
Van Osch, Yvette
Yuki, Masaki
Abbas, Ammar
Ogusu, Natsuki
Kwantes, Catherine T.
Díaz Loving, Rolando
Perez-Floriano, Lorena
Chaleeraktrakoon, Trawin
Chobthamkit, Phatthanakit
Institución
Resumen
Abstract: Sex differences in aspects of independent versus interdependent self-construal and depressive symptoms were surveyed among 5,320 students from 24 nations. Men were found to perceive themselves as more self-contained whereas women perceived themselves as more connected to others. No significant sex differences were found on two further dimensions of self-construal, or on a measure of depressive symptoms. Multilevel modelling was used to test the ability of a series of predictors derived from a social identity perspective and from evolutionary theory to moderate sex differences. Contrary to most prior studies of personality, sex differences in self-construal were larger in samples from nations scoring lower on the Gender Gap Index, and the Human Development Index. Sex differences were also greater in nations with higher pathogen prevalence, higher self-reported religiosity, and in nations with high reported avoidance of settings with strong norms. The findings are discussed in terms of the interrelatedness of self-construals and the cultural contexts in which they are elicited and the distinctiveness of student samples.