Capítulos de libros
Genetic factors influencing the development and treatment of cognitive impairment and psychosis in Parkinson’s disease
Fecha
2019Registro en:
978-3-319-95359-5
978-3-319-95360-1 (online)
10.1007/978-3-319-95360-1_29
Autor
Pérez Lloret, Santiago
Bernath, Viviana
Barrantes, Francisco José
Institución
Resumen
Abstract: Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease in which both genetic
and environmental factors play significant roles. In addition to increasing the risk
of developing PD, gene mutations might also influence the phenotypical
characteristics of the disease, including the development of cognitive
impairment and psychosis. For instance, mutations of the GBA gene, which
encodes the enzyme γ-glucocerebrosidase, have been related to cognitive
impairment or dementia and visual hallucinations. Interest in the APOE gene,
which encodes the apolipoprotein E, stems from the finding of increased
Alzheimer’s Disease risk in carriers of APOE ε4 alleles. In a cohort of 390 PD
patients, APOE ε4 allele carriers showed significantly increased cognitive
decline during the 2-year follow-up period. Mutations of the LRRK2 gene, which
encodes the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2, have been related to a lower risk of
cognitive impairment and dementia and lower scores for apathy and
hallucinations. PD patients with mutations in the BDNF, COMT, PARP4 and
MTCL1 genes showed increased risk cognitive impairment, dementia and visual
hallucinations, but these results have not been replicated yet. Hallucinations
have also been related to mutations in the cholecystokinin CCK gene. These
findings suggest that gene mutations may be important determinants of
cognitive impairment and psychosis in PD and highlight promising targets for
new therapeutic approaches.