dc.contributor | Rangel Jaimes, German William | |
dc.contributor | https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000320609 | |
dc.contributor | https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1791-8099 | |
dc.creator | Trujillo Uribe, Néstor José | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2020-08-04T23:15:34Z | |
dc.date.available | 2020-08-04T23:15:34Z | |
dc.date.created | 2020-08-04T23:15:34Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2020 | |
dc.identifier | http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/7152 | |
dc.identifier | instname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB | |
dc.identifier | reponame:Repositorio Institucional UNAB | |
dc.identifier | repourl:https://repository.unab.edu.co | |
dc.description.abstract | Introducción: el dolor crónico es un problema serio de salud pública. Las herramientas terapéuticas disponibles han sido cuestionadas por sus efectos secundarios indeseables. El uso de cannabis medicinal se ha propuesto como parte de una estrategia multimodal, para manejo del dolor crónico, por considerarle una alternativa más segura y efectiva. En las últimas dos décadas, el cannabis medicinal ha ganado gran relevancia mediática, socioeconómica y científica en el país. Con gran controversia, los medicamentos a base de cannabis son empleados en todas latitudes, mientras la comunidad científica en todo el mundo se interesa en recopilar evidencia del efecto clínico. Pocos estudios se han enfocado en las percepciones, actitudes y creencias de los pacientes. En Colombia, no se había realizado ninguno.
Planteamiento del problema: tras varias décadas de proscripción legal del cultivo, transporte, posesión, uso o consumo de marihuana, en Colombia se viene gestando un enfoque diferencial entre el narcotráfico, el microtráfico, el uso recreativo y el medicinal. El uso medicinal de cannabis ha sido despenalizado y el Gobierno inició el proceso de reglamentar la producción, transformación y comercialización. El uso medicinal de cannabis en Colombia es relevante, tanto en el ámbito científico, como en el social; al igual que en el resto del mundo. La marihuana aquí es la droga ilícita más comúnmente usada. En este país prevalecen ideas vagamente relacionadas con las percepciones y actitudes de la población colombiana frente a la marihuana. La percepción pública acerca de la eficacia de los cannabinoides en dolor no parece ser consistente con la evidencia científica disponible pues la percepción de efectividad es muy subjetiva. Igualmente, es necesario que los profesionales de la salud entiendan, controlen y adapten los procesos de farmacología y medicina actuales a los aspectos claves del cannabis en el manejo del dolor, con el fin de disminuir el riesgo derivado de su uso.
Objetivos: describir las percepciones, actitudes y creencias acerca del uso de cannabis medicinal en pacientes con dolor crónico en una institución de salud de tercer nivel del Nororiente colombiano.
Metodología: el presente estudio, se desarrolló usando técnicas de investigación de campo, a partir de un cuestionario autoadministrado que preservó el anonimato. El muestreo se hizo por conveniencia, tanto en pacientes como en sus familiares o acudientes. Se evaluaron las relaciones entre percepciones, creencias y actitudes y las características demográficas del consumo de cannabis, experiencias previas, estado de salud y calidad de vida, intensidad del dolor, presencia de comorbilidades y consumo de otras sustancias psicoactivas.
Resultados: se logró obtener información útil para comprender el constructo psicosocial de los pacientes en lo referente al cannabis medicinal. Predominó entre ellos una postura neutral, mientras que la de los familiares fue más variada, con tendencia positiva en la mayoría de los aspectos. La prevalencia de consumo medicinal fue baja en los dos grupos. Los pacientes con dolor crónico encuestados no se comportan igual que lo reportado en estudios internacionales.
Discusión: a pesar del complicado contexto colombiano referente al uso de las sustancias psicoactivas y el impacto del narcotráfico, los pacientes no son renuentes a la posibilidad de emplear el cannabis medicinal para el manejo del dolor crónico; tampoco para el manejo de otros síntomas. Su posición neutral permite que, dirigiendo apropiadamente las políticas públicas en salud y educación, puedan modificarse estas percepciones de acuerdo a la evidencia científica. También se destaca a partir de los resultados el importante papel de los familiares, no solo en la toma de decisiones, sino también como amplificadores positivos de la idea de utilidad terapéutica del cannabis medicinal. Este estudio abre las puertas a lo que debe ser un campo de investigación amplio y dinámico, que integre el conocimiento científico con el contexto del paciente usando un enfoque biopsicosocial integrador. | |
dc.language | spa | |
dc.publisher | Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNAB | |
dc.publisher | Facultad Ciencias de la Salud | |
dc.publisher | Especialización en Anestesiología | |
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dc.rights | Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia | |
dc.title | Cannabis medicinal para manejo de dolor ¿lo usaría? | |