Relación entre los tipos de traumas oculares en pacientes con cuerpo extraño intraocular y la agudeza visual postoperatoria

dc.contributorVarón Plata, Clara Leonor
dc.creatorJaramillo Solá, José Agustín
dc.date.accessioned2020-06-26T20:01:39Z
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-28T19:11:53Z
dc.date.available2020-06-26T20:01:39Z
dc.date.available2022-09-28T19:11:53Z
dc.date.created2020-06-26T20:01:39Z
dc.date.issued2014
dc.identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12749/1771
dc.identifierinstname:Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga - UNAB
dc.identifierreponame:Repositorio Institucional UNAB
dc.identifier.urihttp://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/3714174
dc.description.abstractOBJETIVO: Establecer la relación entre los tipos de traumas oculares en pacientes con cuerpo extraño intraocular y la agudeza visual postoperatoria. DISEÑO: Descriptivo, trasversal, retrospectivo. MUESTRA: 46 ojos de 46 pacientes que presentaron traumas con cuerpo extraño intraocular, atendidos y operados en la Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander entre Enero de 2000 y Diciembre de 2012. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se revisaron las historias de los pacientes y se ingresaron los datos de los pacientes en una tabla de Excel y en el programa estadístico Stata para su análisis. RESULTADOS: El 100% de los pacientes fueron hombres, el promedio de edad fue de 32.06 años. El tipo de trauma más frecuente fue puntilla en 20 ojos (43.47 %), seguido de trauma por guadañadora en 16 ojos (34.78%), perdigones 6 ojos (13.04%) y por accidente de tránsito en 4 ojos (8.69%). La agudeza visual preoperatoria fue en su mayoría percepción de luz 28.3%, cuenta dedos 23.9%, y movimiento de manos 21.7%. Y la agudeza visual postoperatoria fue cuenta dedos 23.9%, percepción de luz 23.9% y no percepción de luz 13.0 %. Las estructuras anatómicas oculares lesionadas por el CEIO son ruptura de iris en 82.6%, herida de cornea 78.3%, catarata 65.2%, herida escleral 45.7%, desprendimiento de retina 23.9%, hifema 19.6% y exposición uveal 4.3 %. Como factor asociado a mala agudeza visual postoperatoria se encuentra agudeza visual igual o peor a cuenta dedos. Se presentaron 14 casos de endoftalmitis preoperatoria (30.43%), el material del cuerpo extraño más frecuentemente encontrado fue metal en 11 ojos (23.91%) y madera en 3 ojos (6.52%). Los gérmenes causales fueron Staphylococcus aereus en 13.04%, Bacillus SP en 4.34% y Actinomiceto en 10.86%. CONCLUSIONES: Los CEIO se presentan más frecuentemente en varones jóvenes, y se asocian a actividades laborales. El compromiso de la agudeza visual es importante y se obtienen en su mayoría agudezas visuales iguales o peores a cuenta dedos. Las estructuras anatómicas oculares lesionadas con mayor frecuencia son el iris, cornea, cristalino y esclera. La mala agudeza visual preoperatoria se asocia a mala agudeza visual postoperatoria. El tipo de cirugía depende del criterio del cirujano pero si hay lesión del cristalino e integridad del saco capsular y/o zónula puede implantarse lente intraocular en un en el mismo procedimiento quirúrgico. Así mismo se recomienda la aplicación de vancomicina y ceftazidima intravitreos al concluir la cirugía en los casos con riesgo alto de endoftalmitis o cuando se sospeche de su presencia. La endoftalmitis se presentó preoperatoriamente en 30.43% de los casos y el germen más frecuente es Staphylococcus aereus. Deben implementarse políticas para mejorar las medidas de seguridad en pacientes cuyas actividades laborales y/o recreacionales representen riesgos.
dc.languagespa
dc.publisherUniversidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNAB
dc.publisherFacultad Ciencias de la Salud
dc.publisherEspecialización en Oftalmología
dc.relationJaramillo Solá, José Agustín (2014). Relación entre los tipos de traumas oculares en pacientes con cuerpo extraño intraocular y la agudeza visual postoperatoria. Bucaramanga (Santander, Colombia) : Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga UNAB
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dc.titleRelación entre los tipos de traumas oculares en pacientes con cuerpo extraño intraocular y la agudeza visual postoperatoria


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