Precarización laboral y resultados en salud en la vejez, Colombia 2015

Abstract

Introduction: Benach's microstructural framework allows the recognition of working and employment conditions as social determinants of health, therefore, it is expected that the results in health of old age are moderated by these determinants given the permanence of the elderly people in the working market. Objective: To understand the relationship between conditions of employment and precarious work with the health outcomes of the elderly population that participated in the SABE survey. Methods: Mixed study of sequential transformative design in two stages: a review of secondary sources that allowed building a sociohistorical account of labor precariousness in Colombia and a quantitative analysis of information from the SABE survey, finally an interpretive analysis. Results: Employment precariousness was identified in Colombia along three stages: At the end of the imports substitution model, economic opening and strengthening of the precarious employment. Data analysis shows that 33,7% of elderly people remain working after retiring; 67% earn less than a minimum wage and people who worked as domestic employees showed more prevalence of hypertension. A statistically significant relation was identified between the conditions of employment and work and hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, tobacco and alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Elderly people do not have any type of social protection, must continue to be immersed in the working market, mainly in self-employment, remaining in a process of employment precariousness along their life course, influencing negative health outcomes.