Efectos de un programa de actividad física polimotor sobre el peso, los porcentajes grasos y el consumo máximo de oxígeno (VO2max) en una muestra de adolescentes de la ciudad de Bogotá

Abstract

The World Health Organization has recognized the importance of physical activity to prevent and intervene in obesity and overweight in adolescents; likewise, multiple studies have shown the benefits of physical activity on physical condition, body composition, cardio-respiratory capacity, among others. In adolescents, empirical evidence has shown that daily physical activity, with adequate levels of intensity, duration, and combination of aerobic and anaerobic exercise, is beneficial for health in the short and long term, increasing cardio-respiratory capacity, muscle mass, mass and bone mineral density, and reducing levels of fat mass. Based on this, the present study sought to evaluate the effects of a 12-week polimotor physical activity program (PAFP) on body weight, fat percentage (arm, leg and trunk) and maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), in a sample of students from 14 to 17 years of age at the Rodrigo Lara Bonilla IED School Bogotá. Forty-four students, male and female, aged between 14 and 17 years participated, divided into two groups: Intervention Group, which was exposed to a one-hour PAFP, four times a week for 12 weeks, and the Control Group who carried out the activities of the usual 90-minute physical education class once a week during the same period. The PAFP was structured with a progressive and undulating intensity between four and nine on the Borg Scale, whose objective was to stimulate the physics capacities of maximum oxygen consumption, endurance, strength, speed, balance, power and flexibility throughout the game. The results evidenced a significant increase in the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) in the men and women of the Intervention Group after exposure to the PAFP and significantly higher compared to the Control Group. Regarding the percentages of fat, there were no consistent changes.