Dimensiones volumétricas de las vías aéreas observadas en tomografías antes y después de cirugía ortognática en una consulta privada de Floridablanca 2014-2019

Abstract

Introduction: The aesthetic and functional relationships are one of the objectives of conventional orthodontics, however, there are several cases with a level of complexity that exceeds these limits and controls a joint management with orthognathic surgery seeking to improve the relationship of the bases in the foreigner favor functional and aesthetic parameters in the patient, generating certain variations in the airway as a response to structural change. Currently there are studies that allow a diagnostic analysis and three-dimensional monitoring of the structural conditions in the airway, to be aware of the effects of these complications on respiratory function, and also, on the quality of life as a vital process in humans. Reports of scientific evidence found findings of volumetric and linear changes after the surgical procedure. Objective: To determine the volumetric changes of the airways before and after orthognathic surgery, analyzed by CBCT, in a private Floridablanca consultation between 2014 and 2019. Methodology: A longitudinal panel study was performed, in the sample included 30 cone beam tomographies between the ages of 18 to 70 years of patients who were sometimes surgical and analyzed in Dolphin software; For the quantitative variables, averages and standard or medium deviation and interquartile ranges were calculated, selection of their distribution, for this purpose the Shapiro Wilk test was performed. Results: The study reported an average age of 30 years with a higher prevalence of class II and class III skeletal discrepancies associated with the reason for consultation for the surgical act and variations in SNA and SNB angular relationships in the post-surgical analysis on average of 2,25° and 5.65 ° respectively for class II and 0.65 ° and 2.91 ° patients respectively for class III patients, with no statistically different differences between them. The volumetric variations reported major changes in class II patients, as well as, due to segmentation processes of the Dolphin software, a small percentage of patients with negative changes in their airway were found, a higher percentage with positive changes in air volume, without achieving ideal conditions. Conclusions: In the present study it will be found that patients sometimes undergo orthognathic surgery, structural variations of linear (sagittal and transverse) and / or volumetric type in the airway are reported, especially those associated with class II malocclusion; Therefore, great relevance in the diagnostic process and clinical follow-up by the specialist.