Efecto del ejercicio físico sobre el estado nutricional y la aptitud física en una muestra de niños, niñas y adolescentes con discapacidad intelectual de un centro de atención integral de la ciudad Bogotá

Abstract

Identify the effects of the practice of physical exercise on the state Nutrition and physical fitness in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (DI), assistants to a comprehensive care center in Bogotá. Quasi-experimental research, with 16 boys, girls and adolescents with mild or moderate DI. The adapted Eurofit Battery was used to assess physical fitness. In addition, blood pressure, heart rate and saturation of resting oxygen. To assess nutritional status, weight, size and composition were taken body by bioimpedance and frequency of food consumption at home, before and after 16 weeks of directed physical exercise program. The comparison of variables before and after the intervention was performed with paired t-tests and Wilcoxon for related samples. Results: A positive effect was obtained in the percentage of fat (p = 0.01) and muscle (p = 0.03), improving the body composition of individuals, as well as improving the upper limb reaction speed (p = 0.001) and decreased the power in lower limbs (P = 0.01); in the other variables no significant effects were achieved. It is important to implement physical exercise programs in the population with DI, as a healthy lifestyle promotion and protective factor for CNCD, since it they achieve positive effects, which frame their rehabilitative character, therefore, should continue with new research on this topic and provide tools for promotion of healthy lifestyles in the population with disabilities.