Evaluación del potencial celulolítico por bacterias y hongos a diferentes concentraciones de diésel de suelo no perturbado y disturbado del piedemonte llanero obtenido del Instituto Agrícola Guacavía en el Municipio de Cumaral (Meta)

Abstract

The study presents the viability and capacity of bacteria and fungi in the maintenance of the ability to produce enzymes of cells, one of the primary roles of the service cycle and productivity in soil systems, before accidental spillage or incidental petroleum-based fuels such as diesel.

The research is part of the macroproject called "Behavior of the physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics in soils of agricultural vocation artificially contaminated with Gasoline and Diesel in the foothills of the municipality of Cumaral (Meta)", which seeks to respond to the second objective " To evaluate the microbial density of bacteria and fungi associated to the functional groups of soil microorganisms in the biogeochemical cycles of nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon, in an ex situ experimental test with two types of pollutants (gasoline and diesel), "reporting exclusively the behaviors of cellulolytic microorganisms in reactors with diesel, for which, simulated a dumping of the fuel under controlled conditions, using soil from the piedmont piedmont, obtained from the Agricultural Educational Institution of Guacavia (IEAG) (Cumaral-Meta) and processed to isolate and analyze the cellulolytic potential of bacteria and ho endemic ngos, in the laboratories of Microbiology and Biology, Soils and Biotechnology and Toxicology of the Santo Tomás University Villavicencio Headquarters (Meta); the proposed methodology was developed in four months, reactors containing 7 kg of soil were used, they were artificially contaminated, in triplicate, with the concentrations of diesel 0 g / kg, 2.5 g / kg, 6.1 g / kg and 9 , 8 g / kg, then a preselection of the strains with cellulolytic activity using Congo red was carried out; obtaining that of 33% of the strains of filamentous fungi with the property, only 23.1%, strains N0h1, N1h2 and N2h3, showed a greater hydrolysis capacity, they were identified as Aspergillus sp. Of 67% of the bacterial strains found, only 11.3% had a greater cellulolytic capacity, being identified mostly as Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp .; then, it was determined by the Pearson index that strains N0b1 and N2b2 have the highest cellulolytic potential, being of interest to be used in recovery processes of soils impacted with diesel discharges.