Validación de cuestionario para evaluar conocimientos, estilos de vida y modos de vida relacionados al cáncer oral en adolescentes entre 14 y 17 años

Abstract

Introduction: Oral cancer is a rapidly evolving and aggressive disease, to which various population groups are exposed, being the sixth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. It is important to validate instruments to determine the level of knowledge of the population in this regard and thus specify tools that facilitate early diagnosis and increase life expectancy. Objectives: To evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire of knowledge, ways of living and lifestyles in oral cancer, aimed to adolescents aged 14-17 years. Materials and methods: Diagnostic technology evaluation study, validating questionnaire QCAO aimed to adolescents. 6 dimentions were presented, Way of lifes, lifestyles, knowledge, risk perception, preventive attitude and beliefs. Internal consistency analysis was performed with Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and factor analysis with Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin. Results: For the descriptive analysis, 283 adolescents were evaluated, with a mean of 16 years, standard deviation 1.12 and predominance of the female gender (70.6%) compared to the male gender (29.3%). The psychometric analysis for each dimension shows a poor reliability for ways of living and Beliefs with 0.65 internal consistency, together with Lifestyles (0.53) and a low KMO with no possibility of factoring. However, the dimensions Risk perception, Preventive attitude (0.73) and Knowledge (0.89) have good internal consistency and factorizable KMO. Finally, the internal consistency of the instrument is 0.86 demonstrating high reliability. Conclusions: The reliability of the complete questionnaire was 0.86 and it was not factorizable. The six dimensions can be used independently and the dimensions of knowledge, perception of risk and preventive attitude have internal consistencies greater than 0.7. The questionnaire demonstrates good psychometric behavior and can be used to evaluate educational interventions.