Evaluación del estado y revisión de técnicas de conservación de suelos pertenecientes a ecosistemas de bosque seco tropical.

Abstract

The degradation of soils in tropical dry forest ecosystems (BST) makes the environmental dynamics in the municipalities of our territory, such as El Espinal, Tolima, take a more generic approach when talking about the uses, conservation and importance they have at the local and national level. Knowing the current state of the soils in relation to the tropical dry forest ecosystem in Espinal Tolima led to more effective research in comparing and analyzing the implementation of recovery techniques such as biochar and composting, describing each of these amendments in terms of the recovery required in samples characterized by biomass growth. Each sample was studied in the laboratory by measuring physico-chemical parameters such as water retention capacity, total nitrogen and organic matter. The purpose of this study is to make a comparison of soils, which is done by means of a statistical analysis in order to recognize if the components of the soil need to be restored with the aforementioned techniques, as well as to highlight the importance of these techniques since they have been used as an invaluable resource within the framework of the Colombian soils. Part of the study found that the main characteristics have been agricultural intervention, livestock and urban settlements, generating changes in its physicochemical composition, decrease of organic matter, among others. At the end, it is concluded that the parameters do not show greater degradation (WHC >50%, MO < 1-5%, NTK >0. 25%), however, due to the conditions of the ecosystem, climate, agricultural activities and others, it is necessary to follow up, since the reduction of inorganic fertilization and its complementation through the incorporation of organic amendments and biochar can generate a positive effect in the search for a productive balance between the elements that make up the soil.