Determinación de la calidad fisicoquímica del caño Pilatos en un tramo aguas arriba y aguas abajo de la descarga de las aguas de recambio de la piscícola el manantial, Restrepo-Meta

Abstract

The present work aims to "Determine the physicochemical quality of the Caño Pilate in a stretch upstream and downstream from the discharge of the waters of replacement of the fish the spring, located in the municipality of Restrepo in Meta Department". To achieve this goal began with the identification of the fish production process developed at the spring exhibition in order to know the water captured for activity management, as well as, its performance in terms of species cultured, periods production, among others. Later, after meeting points where are made the dumping of replacement of pond waters, were conducted two surveys of quantity and quality, the first in time of rain (November of 2017) and the second during dry (January 2018) both in the dumping of the fish in the receiving water source. Parameters measured were color apparent, actual color, temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (do), biochemical demand of oxygen (BOD5), chemical oxygen (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), solid demand suspended total (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), nitrites, nitrates, ammonia nitrogen, total coliforms and fecal coliforms, whose results were reported by the laboratory TECNO Ambiental S.A.S accredited by the Institute of hydrology, meteorology and environmental studies - IDEAM - from the techniques set out in the Standard Methods and the Colombian technical standard. Contaminants larger loads in dry season for BOD5 - 52,66 kg/day - were obtained, cod - 115,53 kg/day-, SDT - 186,38 kg/day - and total coliforms 211.205 NMP / 100mL, while for rainy season prevailed over the OSH - 129,75 kg/day-, PT - 2.11 kg/day-, nitrates - 2.35 kg/day-, ammoniacal nitrogen - 6.56 kg/day - and 8.111 NMP fecal coliforms / 100mL. The concentrations reported for the physicochemical parameters of the dumping of the fish the spring met with the permissible maximum values in article 15 of the 2015 resolution 0631. The quality of the water in the P2CP downstream fish dumping, presented a negative change in relation to the concentration of the following parameters: oxygen dissolved - excellent went on to good quality-, BOD5 - dubious pass bad quality-, cod - good becomes acceptable-, SST and SDT - excellent goes to good. The parameters presented the most critical situation for the present study were BOD5, ammoniacal nitrogen and fecal coliforms and color, so was proposed as action of improving the implementation of a lagoon of oxidation for the treatment of effluents fish. Keywords: Physicochemical quality, polluting load, fish ponds, shedding, replacement.