Capacidad de almacenamiento refrigerado de Colombia factor fundamental para la expansión de las exportaciones de productos con necesidad de control de temperatura

Abstract

The main objective of this study is to determine the importance of refrigerated storage as a critical logistic process in the success of the sanitary and phytosanitary diplomacy strategy undertaken by the Colombian government to boost national exports of products requiring temperature control. The research contemplates a mixed approach in which a literature review is presented on topics that directly or indirectly enrich the analysis, such as the classification of tariff and non-tariff barriers, the export activity, the cold chain, among others; thus, taking theoretical bases, principles, classifications and scientific articles as a basis. Similarly, data was collected on exports, refrigerated storage capacity, tariff items of products requiring temperature control from reliable sources such as: Trademap, Procolombia, International Cold Chain Alliance, UN, Global Competitiveness Index, and Minagricultura. In this way, a comparative analysis was made between the countries of the Pacific Alliance, which have export structures similar to Colombia's, seeking to see the performance of exports with the need for temperature control of the countries and determine the importance of the refrigerated storage capacity in the development of export activity. The determinant factor obtained was a direct positive relationship between the expansion of exports with the need for temperature control and the refrigerated storage capacity measured by cubic meters for the countries under study, which leads to the conclusion of the importance of the sector in the expansion of exports with the need for a cold chain. At the same time, the position of Colombia with respect to the other countries is clearly seen, Colombia being the country with the lowest refrigerated storage capacity and also the country that exports the least products with the need for temperature control, this allows us to give recommendations to the government and / or sector to seek the expansion and diversification of exports, especially in sectors such as agriculture where the government is emphasizing and Colombia still has much potential to exploit.