dc.creatorMillett, Gregorio A.
dc.creatorJones, Austin T.
dc.creatorBenkeser, David
dc.creatorBaral, Stefan
dc.creatorMercer, Laina
dc.creatorBeyrer, Chris
dc.creatorHonermann, Brian
dc.creatorLankiewicz, Elise
dc.creatorMena, Leandro
dc.creatorCrowley, Jeffrey S.
dc.creatorSherwood, Jennifer
dc.creatorSullivan, Patrick S.
dc.date.accessioned2020-07-09T19:29:53Z
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-23T18:42:31Z
dc.date.available2020-07-09T19:29:53Z
dc.date.available2022-09-23T18:42:31Z
dc.date.created2020-07-09T19:29:53Z
dc.identifier1047-2797
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.05.003
dc.identifierhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12010/10381
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2020.05.003
dc.identifier.urihttp://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/3505953
dc.description.abstractPurpose: Given incomplete data reporting by race, we used data on COVID-19 cases and deaths in U.S. counties to describe racial disparities in COVID-19 disease and death and associated determinants. Methods: Using publicly available data (accessed April 13, 2020), predictors of COVID-19 cases and deaths were compared between disproportionately ( 13%) black and all other (<13% black) counties. Rate ratios were calculated, and population attributable fractions were estimated using COVID-19 cases and deaths via zero-inflated negative binomial regression model. National maps with county-level data and an interactive scatterplot of COVID-19 cases were generated. Results: Nearly 90% of disproportionately black counties (656/677) reported a case and 49% (330/677) reported a death versus 81% (1987/2465) and 28% (684/2465), respectively, for all other counties. Counties with higher proportions of black people have higher prevalence of comorbidities and greater air pollution. Counties with higher proportions of black residents had more COVID-19 diagnoses (Rate Ratio (RR): 1.24, 95% confidence interval: 1.17e1.33) and deaths (RR: 1.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.00e1.40), after adjusting for county-level characteristics such as age, poverty, comorbidities, and epidemic duration. COVID-19 deaths were higher in disproportionally black rural and small metro counties. The population attributable fraction of COVID-19 diagnosis due to lack of health insurance was 3.3% for counties with less than 13% black residents and 4.2% for counties with greater than or equal to 13% black residents. Conclusions: Nearly 20% of U.S. counties are disproportionately black, and they accounted for 52% of COVID-19 diagnoses and 58% of COVID-19 deaths nationally. County-level comparisons can both inform COVID-19 responses and identify epidemic hot spots. Social conditions, structural racism, and other factors elevate risk for COVID-19 diagnoses and deaths in black communities.
dc.publisherScience Direct
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.sourcereponame:Expeditio Repositorio Institucional UJTL
dc.sourceinstname:Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano
dc.subjectBlack
dc.subjectAfrican-American
dc.subjectCOVID-19
dc.subjectDisparity
dc.subjectRace
dc.titleAssessing differential impacts of COVID-19 on black communities


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