Colombia
| bachelorThesis
Evaluación de la actividad antibacterial y antifúngica de actinobacterias cultivables aisladas de las riberas del río Guaviare
Fecha
2015-08-05Registro en:
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261047
TE07656
Autor
Díaz Barrera, Luis Eduardo
Suarez, Zulma Rocio
Institución
Resumen
Las actinobacterias son bacterias Gram positivas, conocidas por ser las responsables de la producción de la mayoría de metabolitos secundarios bioactivos, especialmente aquellas pertenecientes al género Streptomyces, del cual se han obtenido la mayoría de antibióticos comerciales. Dado las recientes investigaciones en el medio acuático que demuestran el potencial bioactivo por parte de estos microorganismos, el presente trabajo se enfocó en la evaluación de la actividad antibacterial y antifúngica de actinobacterias aisladas de agua y sedimentos provenientes del río Guaviare. Las metodologías de tratamiento térmico, enriquecimiento con carbonato de calcio y siembra directa sobre medios de cultivo selectivos fueron utilizadas para el aislamiento de las cepas, donde el enriquecimiento con carbonato de calcio resultó ser el mejor método de aislamiento de actinobacterias, en contraste al tratamiento térmico. Se aislaron 374 bacterias con características morfológicas de actinobacterias en su mayoría provenientes de muestras de sedimentos, a las cuales se les realizó tinción de Gram para corroborar su carácter Gram positivo, pureza y morfología. Una vez purificados, todos los aislamientos fueron conservados en glicerol a -70 ºC y sometidos a pruebas de enfrentamiento directo contra bacterias Gram positivas, Gram negativas y hongos. En total, de los 374 aislamientos 44 cepas inhibieron el crecimiento de B. subtilis, 36 de S. aureus, 15 de E. coli, 10 de A. baumannii y 2 de K. pneumoniae, además 257 presentaron inhibición de quorum sensing al ser evaluadas contra C. violaceum. En cuanto a la actividad antifúngica 76 de los aislamientos inhibieron el crecimiento de T. harzianum, 91 de Fusarium sp. y 150 de C. gloeosporioides. Con base a los resultados iniciales de actividad antimicrobiana, fueron seleccionadas las cepas que presentaron mayor potencial antimicrobiano. Posteriormente, las 7 cepa