Efectividad in vivo de una nanoemulsión de paramomicina y ftalocianina de aluminio clorada para el tratamiento de leishmaniasis cutánea

dc.contributorLeal Pinto, Sandra Milena
dc.contributorGarcía Sánchez, Liliana Torcoroma
dc.creatorMantilla Ojeda, Lucía Liliana
dc.date.accessioned2020-02-07T15:36:04Z
dc.date.available2020-02-07T15:36:04Z
dc.date.created2020-02-07T15:36:04Z
dc.date.issued2019-12-02
dc.identifierT 86.19 M168e
dc.identifierhttps://repositorio.udes.edu.co/handle/001/4429
dc.description.abstractLa leishmaniasis es una enfermedad metaxénica cuyo vector (Lutzomyia), transmite la enfermedad al penetrar la piel del huésped mamífero e introducir los protozoos de leishmania, quienes dependiendo de la especie dan paso a un tipo de manisfestación clínica específica, con diversos grados de severidad. Aunque existen distintos tratamientos para esta infección (Pentostam®, Glucantime®, pentamidine, anfotericina B y miltefosina), aún nos enfrentamos a múltiples retos: vía de administración, efectos tóxicos hepáticos y renales, fracaso al tratamiento, resistencia farmacológica, estado inmunológico del paciente, condiciones socioeconómicas, cronicidad de las lesiones y especie del parásito. De acuerdo con lo anterior, este estudio tuvo como objetivo, caracterizar el efecto antiparasitario in vivo de un nanoconjugado de Ftalocianina de Aluminio Clorada y paramomicina (NE+FtAlCl/PM15%) activado mediante Terapia Fotodinámica (TFD), en el modelo murino de Leishmaniasis cutánea. Para esto, se realizó la estandarización del modelo de leishmaniasis cutánea en ratones BALB/c evaluado dos inoculados en dos sitios anatómicos de infección (almohadilla plantar y base de la cola). Posteriormente, se evaluó la efectividad de NE-FtAlCl/PM en dos modelos experimentales. Terapia fotodinámica fue aplicada en los grupos tratados con el fotosensibilizador usando luz LED. La efectividad clínica y parasitológica, así como toxicidad aguda relacionada con parámetros hematológicos y bioquímicos, fue evaluada. El tratamiento mostró ser inefectivo para curar lesiones cutáneas por L. (V.) braziliensis en ratones BALB/c. Sin embargo, los resultados mostraron ser similares a los obtenidos con el grupo control tratado con Glucantime (20mg/Kg/día). Adicionalmente, en el modelo con lesión cutánea ulcerada, se observó disminución del tamaño de la úlcera en los ratones tratados con NE-FtAlCl/PM+TFD. No se observaron efectos tóxicos sistémicos del tratamiento. Este estudio es el primero en evaluar la combinación de dos fármacos bioactivos contra Leishmania spp en un mismo nanovehículo. Sin embargo, los fármacos no mostraron curar las lesiones cutáneas causadas por el parásito. La optimización del esquema de tratamiento con NE-FtAlCl/PM+TFD es recomendable.
dc.description.abstractLeishmaniasis is a metaxenic disease whose vector (Lutzomyia) transmits the disease by penetrating the skin of the mammalian host and introducing the protozoa of leishmania, who depending on the species give way to a specific type of clinical manifestation, with varying degrees of severity. Although there are differents treatments (Pentostam®, Glucantime®, pentamidine, amphotericin B and miltefosine), multiple challenges are still unresolved: route of administration, liver and kidney toxic effects, treatment failure, drug resistance, immunological conditions of patient, socioeconomic surroundings, chronicity of the lesions and parasite species. For this, the standardization of the cutaneous leishmaniasis model in BALB/c mice was evaluated using two inoculated in two anatomical sites of infection (plantar pad and tail base). Subsequently, the effectiveness of NE-FtAlCl / PM in two experimental models was evaluated. Photodynamic therapy was applied in the groups treated with the photosensitizer using LED light. Clinical and parasitological effectiveness, as well as acute toxicity related to hematological and biochemical parameters, was tested. The treatment was ineffective in curing skin lesions by L. (V.) braziliensis in BALB/c mice. However, the results were similar to those obtained with the control group treated with Glucantime (20mg/Kg/day). Additionally, in the model with ulcerated skin lesion, a decrease in ulcer size was observed in mice treated with NE-FtAlCl/PM + TFD. No systemic toxic effects of the treatment were observed. This study is the first to evaluate the combination of two bioactive drugs against Leishmania spp in the same nanocarrier. However, the drugs were not shown to cure the skin lesions caused by the parasite. The optimization of the treatment scheme with NE-FtAlCl / PM + TFD is recommended
dc.languagespa
dc.publisherBucaramanga : Universidad de Santander, 2019
dc.publisherFacultad Ciencias de la Salud
dc.publisherMaestría en Investigación en Enfermedades Infecciosas
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dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rightsAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)
dc.rightshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.rightsDerechos Reservados - Universidad de Santander, 2019
dc.titleEfectividad in vivo de una nanoemulsión de paramomicina y ftalocianina de aluminio clorada para el tratamiento de leishmaniasis cutánea
dc.typeTrabajo de grado - Maestría


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