Aprendizagem e desenvolvimento profissional da docência em um espaço híbrido de formação : o terceiro espaço

Abstract

This research aimed to analyze the limits and contributions of a hybrid space, the 3rd Space, understood as dialogue environment between students of Pedagogy - of distance learning programs -, experienced Elementary School teachers, mentors of the initial years of Middle School Education and University researchers / academic advisors, aiming at learning the teaching profession and the professional development of teachers. Specifically, the intent was to analyze construction processes of knowledge needed for the exercise of pedagogical practices in varied school contexts; to understand how knowledge and skills are integrated, providing the knowledge base for teaching; and to understand if a hybrid space supports the articulation of knowledge of various natures in favor of learning the teaching profession. The theoretical framework comprised: initial and continuing teacher training; learning the teaching profession and professional development; knowledge base; university-school partnership; hybrid spaces of training and written narratives, their main authors being Veenman, Shulman, Cavaco, Garcia, Mizukami, Zeichner, Vaughan, Penã and Allegretti. A constructive-collaborative approach was used (COLE; KNOWLES, 2003) for research and intervention. The data collection instruments were written narratives (VAZ; MENDES; MAUÉS, 2001) prepared by the participants, and the analysis took place in a procedural manner, based on the knowledge model for teaching as a main reference (SHULMAN, 1987, 2005), and the profession and professional teaching as categories that are both complementary and revealing of the specifics of the teacher's work (NÓVOA, 1999; CONTRERAS, 2002; ROLDÃO, 2007). The in-depth analyses were made from the study of multiple cases (EZPELETA, 1984; LUDKE; ANDRÉ 1986; MAZZOTTI, 2006), arising from professional apprenticeships of teaching three dyads (mentor / undergraduate student), one of which is active in the Early Years of Middle School, and the other two in Elementary School. Analyses indicated that learning to teach and being a teacher are processes that are enhanced throughout life, highly influenced by previous experiences - be they formal or informal - related to the teaching profession and the specific contexts of action. It was suggested that the formative demand for the teaching practice for Elementary School and Early Years of Middle School focused on the process involving the mastery of general pedagogical knowledge. Additionally, little ability to plan educational interventions consistent with the needs of children was identified, even when dealing with experienced teachers. As a training space, the virtual learning environment (VLE) created with the development of research and called 3rd Space revealed itself as a viable tool for the articulation between the knowledge derived from their participants (mentors, undergraduate students and researchers / academic advisors) and for strengthening the links between the university and teachers' work reality. While articulating relations between theory and practice, the hybrid space potentiated the reflective exercise, especially in the case of undergraduate students; however, it faced some difficulties due to the exclusive use of written narratives, predominantly in the case of experienced teachers (mentors).