Preparação, caracterização e estudos termoanalíticos de bases de Schiff biopoliméricas e seus complexos de cobre.

Abstract

The present work is divided in three parts. The first part deals with the purification and characterization of commercial chitosan from different suppliers. The second part describes the synthesis and characterization of biopolymeric Schiff bases obtained of chitosan. The Schiff bases were obtained from the condensation chitosan ( DA= 90%) with salicylaldehyde and its 5-bromo, 5-chloro, 5-nitro, 5-methyl, 5-methoxy sallicylaldehyde derivatives in acidic medium. Using the data obtained in the spectra of 1H NMR of the Schiff bases, it was determined the Mean Degree of Substitution ( DS ). The Mean Degree of Substitution ( DS ) ranged from 4.6% to 68.5% depending on the R group. The most substituted Schiff bases (highly DS ) has been used to obtain copper complexes. All the products were characterized by elemental analysis, hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). SEM photomicrographs was obtained with the purpose of verifying in morphologic changes in the biopolymerics Schiff bases as well as the copper complexes obtained from these bases in relation to starting chitosan. In a third stage, it was investigated the thermal behavior of biopolymerics Schiff bases and with the starting chitosan. An evaluation of the hydration and of thermal decomposition of chitosan and of the biopolymerics Schiff bases was accomplished using Thermogravimetry (TG) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The chitosan TG curves under N2 presented two mass losses representing dehydration and decomposition of the polymer. Under air an additional step was observed due to the burnning of carbonaceous material. The biopolymeric Schiff bases decomposed in three steps: dehydration, decomposition and burnning of the carbonaceous residue in air. In both cases the DSC curves agreeded with the thermal events described by the TG curves.