Do funcionamento discursivo dos pronunciamentos do presidente Lula a trabalhadores: procedimentos de legitimação do dizer político

Abstract

How does contemporary political discourse face a crisis of democracy that destabilizes hallowed phrases of discourse, putting them into question, identifying them as lies and malicious maneuvers? What are the solutions and repair attempts made by the class society to resolve social conflicts and to erase differences and problems inherent in the structure of the capitalist mode of production? Faced with a situation of people s disbelief with their representatives, we can perceive a paradigm shift regarding the speech of the political subjects. In many of the manifestations, the subject enunciates like people , from the same place of the people, to legitimize their discourse supported in a process of building identification relations with their interlocutors. Based on the theory of Discourse Analysis derived from Michel Pêcheux and his group, we interpret procedures for legitimizing the pronouncements of President Luis Inacio Lula da Silva to workers in celebrating events of May 1st (Labor Day in Brazil), during his two mandates (from 2003 to 2010). We chose this methodological approach because of the constant enunciation that Lula would be a president distinct from the others" as a consequence of him being originally from the working-class. We work with the notions of discursive formation, ideology, subject position and spokesman, understanding that all of them are closely correlated and are quite relevant for the analysis of discourse corpora that aim to objectives such as those we intend to achieve at this work. From the analysis of discursive processes we observe: a) how the materiality of linguistic pronouncements of the President legitimizes his political discourse b) if now, as when he was a union leader (CAZARIN, 2005), Lula continues to put himself in the role of a spokesman (Pecheux, 1990) c) What are the spatial and temporal discursive supports that allow the subject to be established as the spokesman of the workers? We assumed that, taking the place of those who cannot or should not speak, Lula, as a spokesperson and the potential negotiator, speaks to the workers, distinguishing and defining himself from his interlocutors due the social position he assumes. The moderation by the identification process (ORLANDI, 1983) is established: the representation is sufficient for the "people" to feel contemplated (ROSAVALLON, 1998).