Microestrutura e propriedades mecânicas de ligas Al-Si hipoeutéticas conformadas por spray.

Abstract

The aims of this work were the microstructural and tensile properties characterization of the hypoeutectic spray formed Al-Si 319 and 380 alloys. The alloys were melted by induction furnace, gas atomized with nitrogen and deposited onto a copper substrate. The results were compared with conventionally sand cast Al-Si 380 alloy samples. Spray formed material showed fine and homogeneous microstructure, composed by equiaxial α-Al matrix, silicon particles, Al2Cu and β-AlFeSi intermetallics phases. Higher porosity and lower yield process were obtained increasing the superheating temperature and liquid metal mass flow rate. The extrusion promoted grain refinement by a partial recrystallization process and strong decrease of the porosity. Room temperature tensile tests of the spray formed Al-Si 380 alloy showed both increased strength and elongation when compared with the values observed for conventionally cast counterparts. These results can be ascribed to the refined grain size, silicon particles morphology and smaller β-AlFeSi phases presented in spray formed deposits. Due to the lower silicon content as well as lower porosity in spray formed and extruded Al-Si 319 alloy, this material showed higher values for the ultimate tensile strength and ductility when compared to Al-Si 380 alloy deposits processed by same parameters.