Padronização do cultivo in vitro do tecido nervoso de abelha Apis mellifera africanizada

Abstract

As abelhas são importantes agentes polinizadores que auxiliam na manutenção da biodiversidade de plantas silvestres e cultivadas. Contudo, o uso exacerbado e indevido de agrotóxicos tem causado um desequilíbrio na população destes insetos que ao visitarem as flores para coleta de pólen e néctar, são expostos a diferentes substâncias químicas. Sendo assim, o presente estudo buscou padronizar um método de cultivo in vitro de tecido nervoso de abelha Apis mellifera africanizada. Para isso testaram-se os meios de cultura Grace, Schneider e Leibovitz’s e suas suplementações com 10% de Soro Fetal Bovino, 40% de Hank’s Balance Salt Solution e 10% de Insect Medium Supplement individualmente ou em conjunto. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o meio Leibovitz’s suplementado com 40% de Hank’s Balance Salt Solution e o meio Leibovitz’s suplementado com 40% de Hank’s Balance Salt Solution e 10% de soro fetal bovino são potenciais meios para o cultivo de tecido nervoso uma vez que apresentaram um menor desarranjo tecidual, contudo tais meios apresentaram uma alta taxa de células fortemente coradas, indicando picnose e, portanto, morte celular. Sendo assim, posteriores suplementações são necessárias para a obtenção de um meio ideal para o cultivo de tecido nervoso de A. mellifera africanizada.

Bees are important pollinators that help to maintain the biodiversity of wild and cultivated plants. However, the exacerbated and undue use of agrochemicals has caused an imbalance in the population of these insects that when visiting flowers for the collection of pollen and nectar, are exposed to different chemical substances. In addition, the toxicity tests used for the release and certificate of pesticides have been widely questioned by the scientific community due to the use of a large number of individuals (bees) for its accomplishment. Thus, the present study sought to standardize a method of in vitro culture of nervous tissue of Apis mellifera. For this the Grace, Schneider and Leibovitz's culture media and their supplements with 10% of fetal bovine serum, 40 % of Hank's Balance Salt Solution and 10 % of Insect Medium Supplement were tested individually or in combination. The results obtained showed that Leibovitz's media supplemented with 40 % of Hank's Balance Salt Solution and Leibovitz's medium supplemented with 40% of Hank's Balance Salt Solution and 10% of fetal bovine serum are potential media for the cultivation of nervous tissue since they presented a smaller tissue disarrangement, however such means presented a high rate of heavily stained cells, indicating pyknosis and thus cell death. Therefore, subsequent supplements are necessary to obtain an ideal medium for the cultivation of Africanized A. mellifera nerve tissue.