Effect of fixed-time embryo transfer on reproductive efficiency in high-producing repeat-breeder Holstein cows

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to compare a synchronization of time of ovulation protocol for fixed-timed embryo transfer (FTET) with the usual administration of a single dose of prostaglandin associated with detection of estrus. Also, the effect of the presence of CL at the beginning of FTET protocol was evaluated. Lactating Holstein cows (n = 651) with three previous artificial inseminations were classified according to presence or absence of a corpus luteum (CL). Cows with a CL were randomly assigned to two additional treatments and submitted to embryo transfer after detection of estrus (PGF-Estrus) or FTET (FTET-CL). Cows without CL were allocated to the FTET-NoCL treatment. On a random day of the estrous cycle (Day 0), cows in the PGF-Estrus treatment (n = 229) were treated with 150 ?g d-cloprostenol (PGF) i.m. followed by detection of estrus from Day 1 through Day 5 after PGF. Embryos were transferred 6-8 days after estrus detection. Cows in the FTET-CL (n = 208; presence of CL) and FTET-NoCL (n = 214; absence of CL) treatments received a norgestomet ear implant plus 2 mg estradiol benzoate (EB) and 50 mg progesterone i.m. on Day 0. On Day 8, the implant was removed and 400 IU eCG, 150 ?g d-cloprostenol and 1 mg estradiol cypionate i.m. were administered. No detection of estrus was performed and Day 10 was arbitrarily considered as the estrus day. Ultrasonographic exams were performed in all recipients and only cows with a single CL 15 mm or multiple CL received a fresh or frozen/thawed embryo on Day 17. Pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography at 30 and 60 days of pregnancy. When FTET and PGF-Estrus were compared, the proportion of cows receiving an embryo (recipients transferred-to-treated rate) was greater in the FTET-CL (75.0% (156/208) than in PGF-Estrus (34.5%, 79/229; P < 0.0001) treatment. Pregnancy rate (60 days) was also greater in FTET-CL (29.3%, 61/208) when compared to PGF-Estrus (16.2%, 37/229; P = 0.001). However, no differences were found in pregnancy loss [PGF-Estrus = 11.9% (5/42), FTET-CL = 9.0% (6/67); P = 0.62] and circulating progesterone concentration at embryo transfer [PGF-Estrus = 4.02 ± 0.52 ng/mL (n = 25), FTET-CL = 3.33 ± 0.32 ng/mL (n = 27); P = 0.25] among these treatments. The presence of CL at the beginning of FTET protocol resulted greater transferred-to-treated rate [FTET-CL = 75.0% (156/208) vs. FTET-NoCL = 61.2% (131/214); P = 0.003], but showed no effect on pregnancy rate at 60 days [FTET-CL = 29.3% (61/208) vs. FTET-NoCL = 22.9% (49/214); P = 0.13], pregnancy loss [FTET-CL = 9.0% (6/67) vs. FTET-NoCL = 2.0% (1/50); P = 0.15] and circulating progesterone concentration at ET [FTET-CL = 3.33 ± 0.32 ng/mL (n = 27) compared to FTET-NoCL = 3.44 ± 0.40 ng/mL (n = 2 9); P = 0.82]. In conclusion, the protocol for synchronization of time of ovulation using norgestomet ear implant, EB and eCG increased recipients transferred-to-treated and pregnancy rates in high-producing repeat-breeder Holstein cows. Also, recipients without CL at the beginning of the time of ovulation synchronization treatment resulted in similar pregnancy rate as recipients with CL submitted to FTET protocol. Thus, the suggested protocol allowed the performance of FTET, without the need for detection of estrus, simplifying the reproductive management and increasing the reproductive efficiency in repeat-breeder Holstein recipients