The present article discusses the emergency of the civil society as a key concept to comprehend the dynamics of the actual developmental phase of capitalism in Brazil and the process of restructuring the productivity and social relations. In search of the geneses identification of this concept, here it is presented its accepted contratualist, Hegelians and Marxists. However, the fundamental objective is to question the literature that some new social actors have done with this term, specifically those that self entitled themselves as members of the "third sector". Because many of these social subjects indebtely attempt to anchor in the theoretical-methodological and political gramscian and their idealist and liberal positions, equivocally taken as neutral by the ethical, political and ideological point of view.202675100