Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Two new dioecious species of Symplocos Jacquin from Southern Brazil are described and illustrated. Both species belong to section Barberina (Vellozo) A. DC. of subgenus Symplocos. Symplocos bidana Aranha is characterized by its cymose or racemose inflorescences (9.5-)11-34 mm long, corolla with five or six lobes 3.7-4.9 mm long, and fruits (10-)13-20 x 5-10 mm with the calyx lobes covering the fruiting disc. Symplocos incrassata Aranha is characterized by its reduced cymes, bracts caducous in fruit, and fruits 12-18 x (5-)6-8 mm. In addition, both species have thick endocarps (0.8-1.2 mm), a notable character among the Brazilian species of section Barberina.19116U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0126631]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)U.S. National Science Foundation [DEB-0126631]