Reversal Learning and Risk-Averse Foraging Behavior in the Monarch Butterfly, Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

dc.creatorRodrigues, D
dc.creatorGoodner, BW
dc.creatorWeiss, MR
dc.date2010
dc.dateMAR
dc.date2014-11-19T20:33:06Z
dc.date2015-11-26T17:08:36Z
dc.date2014-11-19T20:33:06Z
dc.date2015-11-26T17:08:36Z
dc.date.accessioned2018-03-28T23:57:15Z
dc.date.available2018-03-28T23:57:15Z
dc.identifierEthology. Wiley-blackwell Publishing, Inc, v. 116, n. 3, n. 270, n. 280, 2010.
dc.identifier0179-1613
dc.identifierWOS:000274700200009
dc.identifier10.1111/j.1439-0310.2009.01737.x
dc.identifierhttp://www.repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/71106
dc.identifierhttp://www.repositorio.unicamp.br/handle/REPOSIP/71106
dc.identifierhttp://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/71106
dc.identifier.urihttp://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/1280413
dc.descriptionCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
dc.descriptionLearning ability allows insects to respond to a variable environment, and to adjust their behaviors in response to positive or negative experiences. Pollinating insects readily learn to associate floral characteristics, such as color, shape, or pattern, with appetitive stimuli, such as the presence of a nectar reward. However, in nature pollinators may also encounter flowers that contain distasteful or toxic nectar, or offer highly variable nectar volumes, providing opportunities for aversive learning or risk-averse foraging behavior. Whereas some bees learn to avoid flowers with unpalatable or unreliable nectar rewards, little is known about how Lepidoptera respond to such stimuli. We used a reversal learning paradigm to establish that monarch butterflies learn to discriminate against colored artificial flowers that contain salt solution, decreasing both number of probes and probing time on flowers of a preferred color and altogether avoiding artificial flowers of a non-preferred color. In addition, when we offered butterflies artificial flowers of two different colors, both of which contained the same mean nectar volume but which differed in variance, the monarchs exhibited risk-averse foraging: they probed the constant flowers significantly more than the variable ones, regardless of flower color or butterfly sex. Our results add to our understanding of butterfly foraging behavior, as they demonstrate that monarchs can respond to aversive as well as appetitive stimuli, and can also adjust their foraging behavior to avoid floral resources with high variance rewards.
dc.description116
dc.description3
dc.description270
dc.description280
dc.descriptionCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
dc.descriptionGeorgetown University
dc.descriptionCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
dc.descriptionCAPES [BEX 0018/06-6]
dc.languageen
dc.publisherWiley-blackwell Publishing, Inc
dc.publisherMalden
dc.publisherEUA
dc.relationEthology
dc.relationEthology
dc.rightsfechado
dc.rightshttp://olabout.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-406071.html
dc.sourceWeb of Science
dc.subjectBumble Bees
dc.subjectToxic Nectar
dc.subjectInnate Preferences
dc.subjectOlfactory Memory
dc.subjectColor-vision
dc.subjectDiscrimination
dc.subjectVariance
dc.subjectPlant
dc.subjectSwallowtail
dc.subjectSensitivity
dc.titleReversal Learning and Risk-Averse Foraging Behavior in the Monarch Butterfly, Danaus plexippus (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
dc.typeArtículos de revistas


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