Brazilian Science and Technology Policy has been guided by an idea that a 'critical mass' of specialized human resources and basic research would lead, almost automatically, to technological development. Such cognitive model, based on science neutrality and technological determinism and defended by conservative forces, has been maintained by the current leftwing government: its members have not previously matured a proposal for the S&T area coherent with the economic and social transformations they intend to launch. This work focuses the research-production relationship (or university-enterprise) that is in the core of that hegemonic cognitive model and aims to criticize institutional arrangements, such as S&T Parks and Enterprise Incubators, implemented to stimulate this relationship. Structural and institutional obstacles, inherent to the Brazilian peripheral condition, that have been hindering the research-production relationship and make these arrangements almost innocuous are analyzed through arguments of deductive and inductive (based on empirical data) nature. Doing so, this work also offers elements to deconstruct the present cognitive model and conceive an alternative policy framework that could lead to a S&T policy coherent with those economic and social transformations.144595110