Objectives: We conducted a feasibility study to enroll and follow family planning acceptors who were randomly assigned to use an intrauterine device (IUD) or injectable depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA). Methods: Centers in Brazil, Guatemala, Egypt and Vietnam aimed to enroll 100 participants per site. Enrolled women were randomly assigned to have inserted a TCu 380A IUD, or to receive injections of 150 mg of DMPA every 3 months, and scheduled for up to 12 months of follow-up. We tested for cervical infection at first and final visits, and examined for signs of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) at each visit. Results: The sites screened 555 women and enrolled 368. Two women (0.5%) had three discomfort signs of PID during follow-up. The prevalence of gonorrhea at each woman's final follow-up visit was 0.5%, and the prevalence of chlamydia at final visit was 5.4%. Sixty-eight percent of women either completed 12 months of observation with their assigned method or were still using their method at the end of the study. Conclusion: A larger, definitive clinical trial appears feasible. The majority of women we approached agreed to participate; nearly 400 women were enrolled; two thirds continued to use their assigned method until study closeout; and the STI risk was moderate. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.723187191