Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Small heat shock proteins (sHsp) constitute an important chaperone family linked to conformational diseases. In plants, sHsps prevent protein aggregation by acting as thermosensors and to enhance cell stress tolerance. SsHsp17.2 and SsHsp17.9 are the most highly expressed class I sHsps in sugarcane. They exist as dodecamers at 20 degrees C and have distinct substrate specificities. Therefore, they are useful models to study how class I SHsps work. Here we present data on the effects of heat on the oligomerization and chaperone activity of SsHsp17.2 and SsHsp17.9. Using several biophysical and biochemical probes, we show that the effects of heat are completely reversible, an important property for proteins that act at heat shock temperatures. SsHsp17.2 and SsHsp17.9 dodecamers dissociated to dimers at temperatures ranging from 40 to 45 degrees C and this dissociation was followed by enhanced chaperone activity. We conclude that high temperature affects the oligomeric state of these chaperones, resulting in enhanced chaperone activity. (C) 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.4841700108116Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fogarty International Center [NIH-R03TW007437]Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fogarty International Center [NIH-R03TW007437]