Artículos de revistas
Elemental Mapping In Natural Rubber Latex Films By Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy Associated With Transmission Electron Microscopy
Registro en:
Analytical Chemistry. , v. 74, n. 11, p. 2541 - 2546, 2002.
32700
10.1021/ac0111661
2-s2.0-0036606334
Autor
Rippel M.M.
Leite C.A.P.
Galembeck F.
Institución
Resumen
Element distribution maps from Hevea brasiliensis natural rubber latex thin films were obtained, by electron energy-loss spectroscopic imaging in a low-energy (80 kV) transmission electron microscope. C, N, O, P, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Si, and S maps are presented for latex fractionated by centrifugation, either followed by dialysis or not. Most elements forming non-carbon compounds are concentrated in small, electron-dense spots surrounded by a carbon-rich matrix of polymer, thus showing that the rubber is filled with small particles compatible with the polyisoprene matrix. Ca distribution is unique, since it closely parallels the C distribution, evidencing an important role for -COO--Ca2+-COO- ionic bridges in the structure of natural rubber. 74 11 2541 2546 Cyr, D.R., Natural rubber (1984) Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 20, p. 468. , Kirk-Othmer: New York (1999) Rubber Stat. Bull., 53 Cornish, K., Siler, D.J., (1996) Chemtech, 26, pp. 38-44 Sethuraj, M.R., Mathew, N.M., (1992) Natural Rubber: Biology, Cultivation and Technology, , Elsevier Science: Amsterdam Tanaka, Y., Tangpakdee, J., (1997) Rubber Chem. Technol., 70, pp. 707-713 Gazeley, K.F., Gorton, A.D.T., Pendle, T.D., Latex concentrates: Properties and composition (1988) Natural Rubber Science and Technology, , Roberts, A.D., Ed. Oxford University: New York Burfield, D.R., Gan, S.N., (1977) Polymer, 18, pp. 607-611 Burfield, D.R., Gan, S.N., (1977) J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem., 15, pp. 2721-2730 Kawahara, S., Kakubo, T., Sakdapipanich, J.T., Isono, Y., Tanaka, Y., (2000) Polymer, 41, pp. 7483-7488 Gan, S.N., Ting, K.F., (1993) Polymer, 34, pp. 2142-2147 Cooper, W., (1958) J. Polym. Sci., 28, pp. 195-206 Xu, Z.S., Lu, G.H., Cheng, S.Y., (1995) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 56, pp. 575-580 Kim, J.H., Park, Y.J., (1999) Colloids Surf. A, 153, pp. 583-590 Chen, G.-N., Chen, K.-N., (1999) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 71, pp. 903-913 Matsuda, H., Minoura, Y., (1979) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 24, pp. 811-826 Sato, K., (1983) Rubber Chem. Technol., 56, pp. 942-958 Wiese, H., Rupaner, R., (1999) Colloid Polym. Sci., 217, pp. 372-375 Huang, R.Y.M., Wei, Y., (1994) J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 53, pp. 179-185 Ben Jar, P.-Y., Wu, Y.S., (1997) Polymer, 38, pp. 2557-2560 De, S.K., Antony, P., Bandyopadhyay, S., (2000) Polymer, 41, pp. 787-793 Jérôme, R., Moussaf, N., (1999) Polymer, 40, pp. 6831-6839 D'Auzac, J., Jacob, J.-L., Chrestin, H., (1989) Physiology of Rubber Tree Latex, , CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL Southorn, S.A., Yip, E., (1968) J. Rubber Res. Inst. Malaya, 20, pp. 201-215 Webster, C.C., Baulkwill, W., (1989) J. Rubber, , Longman: New York Verhaar, G., (1973) Processing of Natural Rubber, , Agricultural Services Bulletin: Amsterdam Japan Patent 11,315,165-A, 1999Japan Patent 11,349,731-A, 2000Japan Patent 2,000,001,570-A, 2000Cardoso, A.H., Leite, C.A.P., Galembeck, F., (1998) Langmuir, 14, pp. 3187-3194 Cardoso, A.H., Leite, C.A.P., Galembeck, F., (1999) Langmuir, 15, pp. 4447-4453 Teixeira-Neto, E., Leite, C.A.P., Cardoso, A.H., Silva, M.C.V., Braga, M., Galembeck, F., (2000) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 231, pp. 182-189 Amalvy, J.I., Asua, J.M., Leite, C.A.P., Galembeck, F., (2001) Polymer, 42, pp. 2479-2489 Galembeck, A., Costa, C.A.R., Da Silva, M.C.V.M., Souza, E.F., Galembeck, F., (2001) Polymer, 42, pp. 4845-4851 Cardoso, A.H., Leite, C.A.P., Galembeck, F., (2001) Colloids Surf. A, 181, pp. 49-55 Braga, M., Costa, C.A.R., Leite, C.A.P., Galembeck, F., (2001) J. Phys. Chem. B, 105, pp. 3005-3011 Cooke, P.M., (2000) Anal. Chem., 72, pp. 169R-188R Peng, W., Zhou, Z., China Patent 1,230,565-A, 2000Japan Patent 1,1349,731-A, 2000Gu, W., Guo, G., Taiwan Patent 354,797-A, 1999