The Brazilian Consensus For The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Hyperthyroidism: Recommendations By The Thyroid Department Of The Brazilian Society Of Endocrinology And Metabolism [consenso Brasileiro Para O Diagnóstico E Tratamento Do Hipertireoidismo: Recomendações Do Departamento De Tireoide Da Sociedade Brasileira De Endocrinologia E Metabologia]

dc.creatorMaia A.L.
dc.creatorScheffel R.S.
dc.creatorSouza Meyer E.L.
dc.creatorMazeto G.M.F.S.
dc.creatorde Carvalho G.A.
dc.creatorGraf H.
dc.creatorVaisman M.
dc.creatorMaciel L.M.Z.
dc.creatorRamos H.E.
dc.creatorTincani A.J.
dc.creatorde Andrada N.C.
dc.creatorWard L.S.
dc.date2013
dc.date2015-06-25T19:13:52Z
dc.date2015-11-26T15:11:37Z
dc.date2015-06-25T19:13:52Z
dc.date2015-11-26T15:11:37Z
dc.date.accessioned2018-03-28T22:21:42Z
dc.date.available2018-03-28T22:21:42Z
dc.identifierArquivos Brasileiros De Endocrinologia E Metabologia. , v. 57, n. 3, p. 205 - 232, 2013.
dc.identifier10.1590/S0004-27302013000300006
dc.identifierhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84878024357&partnerID=40&md5=f15b8782278d6e546f768358e3f78eef
dc.identifierhttp://www.repositorio.unicamp.br/handle/REPOSIP/88973
dc.identifierhttp://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/88973
dc.identifier2-s2.0-84878024357
dc.identifier.urihttp://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/1258181
dc.descriptionIntroduction: Hyperthyroidism is characterized by increased synthesis and release of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. Thyrotoxicosis refers to the clinical syndrome resulting from excessive circulating thyroid hormones, secondary to hyperthyroidism or due to other causes. This article describes evidence-based guidelines for the clinical management of thyrotoxicosis. Objective: This consensus, developed by Brazilian experts and sponsored by the Department of Thyroid Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism, aims to address the management, diagnosis and treatment of patients with thyrotoxicosis, according to the most recent evidence from the literature and appropriate for the clinical reality of Brazil. Materials and methods: After structuring clinical questions, search for evidence was made available in the literature, initially in the database Medline, PubMed and Embase databases and subsequently in SciELO - Lilacs. The strength of evidence was evaluated by Oxford classification system was established from the study design used, considering the best available evidence for each question. Results: We have defined 13 questions about the initial clinical approach for the diagnosis and treatment that resulted in 53 recommendations, including the etiology, treatment with antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine and surgery. We also addressed hyperthyroidism in children, teenagers or pregnant patients, and management of hyperthyroidism in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy and various other causes of thyrotoxicosis. Conclusions: The clinical diagnosis of hyperthyroidism usually offers no difficulty and should be made with measurements of serum TSH and thyroid hormones. The treatment can be performed with antithyroid drugs, surgery or administration of radioactive iodine according to the etiology of thyrotoxicosis, local availability of methods and preferences of the attending physician and patient.
dc.description57
dc.description3
dc.description205
dc.description232
dc.descriptionAndrade, V.A., Gross, J.L., Maia, A.L., Effect of methimazole pretreatment on serum thyroid hormone levels after radioactive treatment in Graves' hyperthyroidism (1999) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 84 (11), pp. 4012-4016
dc.descriptionBoelaert, K., Torlinska, B., Holder, R.L., Franklyn, J.A., Older subjects with hyperthyroidism present with a paucity of symptoms and signs: A large cross-sectional study (2010) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 95 (6), pp. 2715-2726
dc.descriptionNordyke, R.A., Gilbert Jr., F.I., Harada, A.S., Graves' disease. Influence of age on clinical findings (1988) Arch Intern Med., 148 (3), pp. 626-631
dc.descriptionWoeber, K.A., Thyrotoxicosis and the heart (1992) N Engl J Med., 327 (2), pp. 94-98
dc.descriptionde los Santos, E.T., Starich, G.H., Mazzaferri, E.L., Sensitivity, specificity, and cost-effectiveness of the sensitive thyrotropin assay in the diagnosis of thyroid disease in ambulatory patients (1989) Arch Intern Med., 149 (3), pp. 526-532
dc.descriptionRajatanavi, R., Braverman, L.E., Euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia (1983) J Endocrinol Invest., 6 (6), pp. 493-505
dc.descriptionRajatanavin, R., Liberman, C., Lawrence, G.D., D'Arcangues, C.M., Young, R.A., Emerson, C.H., Euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia and thyroxine-binding prealbumin excess in islet cell carcinoma (1985) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 61 (1), pp. 17-21
dc.descriptionMariotti, S., Martino, E., Cupini, C., Lari, R., Giani, C., Baschieri, L., Low serum thyroglobulin as a clue to the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism factitia (1982) N Engl J Med., 307 (7), pp. 410-412
dc.descriptionLuton, D., le Gac, I., Vuillard, E., Castanet, M., Guibourdenche, J., Noel, M., Management of Graves' disease during pregnancy: The key role of fetal thyroid gland monitoring (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 90 (11), pp. 6093-6098
dc.descriptionVos, X.G., Smit, N., Endert, E., Tijssen, J.G., Wiersinga, W.M., Frequency and characteristics of TBII-seronegative patients in a population with untreated Graves' hyperthyroidism: A prospective study (2008) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)., 69 (2), pp. 311-317
dc.descriptionAl-Shariff, A., Abujbara, A.A., Chiacchio, S., Ajlouni, K.M., Mariani, G., Contribution of radioiodine uptake measurement and thyroid scintigraphy to the differential diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis (2010) Hell J Nucl Med., 13 (2), pp. 132-137
dc.descriptionBaek, J.B., Lee, J.H., Valcavi, R., Pacella, C.M., Rhim, H., Gyu, D., Thermal ablation for benign thyroid nodules: Radiofrequency and laser (2011) Korean J Radiol., 12 (5), pp. 525-540
dc.descriptionBurch, H.B., Wartofsky, L., Life-threatening thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid storm (1993) Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am., 22 (2), pp. 263-277
dc.descriptionAkamizu, T., Satoh, T., Isozaki, O., Suzuki, A., Wakino, S., Iburi, T., Diagnostic criteria, clinical features, and incidence of thyroid storm based on nationwide surveys (2012) Thyroid., 22 (7), pp. 661-679
dc.descriptionLaurberg, P., Vestergaard, H., Nielsen, S., Christensen, S.E., Seefeldt, T., Helleberg, K., Sources of circulating 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in hyperthyroidism estimated after blocking of type 1 and type 2 iodothyronine deiodinases (2007) J Clin Endocrino Metab., 92 (6), pp. 2149-2156
dc.descriptionGiles, H.G., Roberts, E.A., Orrego, H., Sellers, E.M., Disposition of intravenous propylthiouracil (1981) J Clin Pharmacol., 21 (11-12 PART 1), pp. 466-471
dc.descriptionNabil, N., Miner, D.J., Amatruda, J.M., Methimazole: An alternative route of administration (1982) J Clin Endocrino Metab., 54 (1), pp. 180-181
dc.descriptionWalter Jr., R.M., Bartle, W.R., Rectal administration of propylthiouracil in the treatment of Graves' disease (1990) Am J Med., 88 (1), pp. 69-70
dc.descriptionYeung, S.C., Go, R., Balasubramanyam, A., Rectal administration of iodide and propylthiouracil in the treatment of thyroid storm (1995) Thyroid., 5 (5), pp. 403-405
dc.descriptionJongjaroenprasert, W., Akarawut, W., Chantasart, D., Chailurkit, L., Rajatanavin, R., Rectal administration of propylthiouracil in hyperthyroid patients: Comparison of suspension enema and suppository form (2002) Thyroid., 12 (7), pp. 627-631
dc.descriptionHodak, S.P., Huang, C., Clarke, D., Burman, K.D., Jonklaas, J., Janicic-Kharic, N., Intravenous methimazole in the treatment of refractory hyperthyroidism (2006) Thyroid., 16 (7), pp. 691-695
dc.descriptionBogazzi, F., Martino, E., Dell'Unto, E., Brogioni, S., Cosci, C., Aghini-Lombardi, F., Thyroid color flow Doppler sonography and radioiodine uptake in 55 consecutive patients with amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (2003) J Endocrinol Investigation., 26 (7), pp. 635-640
dc.descriptionBaeza, A., Aguayo, J., Barria, M., Pineda, G., Rapid preoperative preparation in hyperthyroidism (1991) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)., 35 (5), pp. 439-445
dc.descriptionRobuschi, G., Manfredi, A., Salvi, M., Gardini, E., Montermini, M., d'Amato, L., Effect of sodium ipodate and iodide on free T4 and free T3 concentrations in patients with Graves' disease (1986) J Endocrinol Invest., 9 (4), pp. 287-291
dc.descriptionTsatsoulis, A., Johnson, E.O., Kalogera, C.H., Seferiadis, K., Tsolas, O., The effect of thyrotoxicosis on adrenocortical reserve (2000) Eur J Endocrinol., 142 (3), pp. 231-235
dc.descriptionSolomon, B.L., Wartofsky, L., Burman, K.D., Adjunctive cholestyramine therapy for thyrotoxicosis (1993) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)., 38 (1), pp. 39-43
dc.descriptionVyas, A.A., Vyas, P., Fillipon, N.L., Vijayakrishnan, R., Trivedi, N., Successful treatment of thyroid storm with plasmapheresis in a patient with methimazole-induced agranulocytosis (2010) Endocr Pract., 16 (4), pp. 673-676
dc.descriptionGlaser, N.S., Styne, D.M., Organization of Pediatric Endocrinologists of Northern California Collaborative Graves' Disease Study Group. Predicting the likelihood of remission in children with Graves' disease: A prospective, multicenter study (2008) Pediatrics., 121, pp. e481-e488
dc.descriptionDötsch, J., Siebler, T., Hauffa, B.P., Doeker, B., Andler, W., Bettendorf, M., Diagnosis and management of juvenile hyperthyroidism in Germany: A retrospective multicenter study (2000) J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab., 13 (7), pp. 879-885
dc.descriptionPoyrazoǧlu, S., Saka, N., Bas, F., Isguven, P., Dogu, A., Turan, S., Evaluation of diagnosis and treatment results in children with Graves' disease with emphasis on the pubertal status of patients (2008) J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab., 21 (8), pp. 745-751
dc.descriptionKaguelidou, F., Alberti, C., Castanet, M., Guitteny, M.A., Czernichow, P., Leger, J., French Childhood Graves' Disease Study Group. Predictors of autoimmune hyperthyroidism relapse in children after discontinuation of antithyroid drug treatment (2008) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 93 (10), pp. 3817-3826
dc.descriptionBarrio, R., López-Capapé, M., Martinez-Badás, I., Carrillo, A., Moreno, J.C., Alonso, M., Graves' disease in children and adolescents: Response to long-term treatment (2005) Acta Paediatr., 94 (11), pp. 1583-1589
dc.descriptionMaia, A.L., Ward, L.S., Carvalho, G.A., Graf, H., McIel, R.M., McIel, L.M., Thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: Brazilian consensus (2007) Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab., 51 (5), pp. 867-893
dc.descriptionAbraham, P., Avenell, A., McGeoch, S.C., Clark, L.F., Bevan, J.S., Antithyroid drug regimen for treating Graves' hyperthyroidism (2010) Cochrane Database Syst Rev., 20, pp. CD003420
dc.descriptionLéger, J., Gelwane, G., Kaguelidou, F., Benmerad, M., Alberti, C., Positive impact of long-term antithyroid drug treatment on the outcome of children with Graves' disease: National long-term cohort study (2012) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 97 (1), pp. 110-119
dc.descriptionPerrild, H., Grüters-Kieslich, A., Feldt-Rasmussen, U., Grant, D., Martino, E., Kayser, L., Diagnosis and treatment of thyrotoxicosis in childhood. A European questionnaire study (1994) Eur J Endocrinol., 131 (5), pp. 467-473
dc.descriptionMussa, G.C., Corrias, A., Silvestro, L., Battan, E., Mostert, M., Mussa, F., Factors at onset predictive of lasting remission in pediatric patients with Graves' disease followed for at least three years (1999) J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab., 12 (4), pp. 537-541
dc.descriptionSlyper, A.H., Wyatt, D., Boudreau, C., Effective methimazole dose for childhood Graves' disease and use of free triiodothyronine combined with concurrent thyroid-stimulating hormone level to identify mild hyperthyroidismand delayed pituitary recovery (2005) J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab., 18 (6), pp. 597-602
dc.descriptionCassio, A., Corrias, A., Gualandi, S., Tato', L., Cesaretti, G., Volta, C., Influence of gender and pubertal stage at diagnosis on growth outcome in childhood thyrotoxicosis: Results of a collaborative study (2006) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)., 64 (1), pp. 53-57
dc.descriptionSato, H., Harada, S., Yokoya, S., Tanaka, T., Asayama, K., Mori, M., Treatment for childhood-onset Graves' disease in Japan: Results of a nationwide questionnaire survey of pediatric endocrinologists and thyroidologists (2007) Thyroid., 17 (1), pp. 67-72
dc.descriptionSmith, J., Brown, R.S., Persistence of thyrotropin (TSH) receptor antibodies in children and adolescents with Graves' disease treated using antithyroid medication (2007) Thyroid., 17 (11), pp. 1103-1107
dc.descriptionRivkees, S.A., Stephenson, K., Dinauer, C., Adverse events associated with methimazole therapy of graves' disease in children (2010) Int J Pediatr Endocrinol., 2010, p. 176970
dc.descriptionLazar, L., Kalter-Leibovici, O., Pertzelan, A., Weintrob, N., Josefsberg, Z., Phillip, M., Thyrotoxicosis in prepubertal children compared with pubertal and postpubertal patients (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 85 (10), pp. 3678-3682
dc.descriptionOta, H., Amino, N., Morita, S., Kobayashi, K., Kubota, S., Fukata, S., Quantitative measurement of thyroid blood flow for differentiation of painless thyroiditis from Graves' disease (2007) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)., 67 (1), pp. 41-45
dc.descriptionRivkees, S.A., Szarfman, A., Dissimilar hepatotoxicity profiles of propylthiouracil and methimazole in children (2010) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 95 (7), pp. 3260-3267
dc.descriptionSato, H., Hattori, M., Fujieda, M., Sugihara, S., Inomata, H., Hoshi, M., High prevalence of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity in childhood onset Graves' disease treated with propylthiouracil (2000) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 85 (11), pp. 4270-4273
dc.descriptionJafarzadeh, A., Poorgholami, M., Izadi, N., Nemati, M., Rezayati, M., Immunological and hematological changes in patients with hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism (2010) Clin Invest Med., 33 (5), pp. 271-279
dc.descriptionSarinnapakorn, V., Noppavetchwich, P., Sunthorntepwarakul, T., Deerochanawong, C., Ngongamrut, S., Abnormal liver function test in Graves' disease: A prospective study of comparison between the hyperthyroid state and the euthyroid state (2011) J Med Assoc Thai., 94 (SUPPL. 2), pp. S11-S16
dc.descriptionSandrini, R., França, S.N., Lacerda, L., Graf, H., Treatment of hyperthyroidism in infancy and adolescence (2001) Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab., 45 (1), pp. 32-36
dc.descriptionHamerschlak, N., Maluf, E., Biasi Cavalcanti, A., Avezum Júnior, A., Eluf-Neto, J., Passeto Falcão, R., Incidence and risk factors for agranulocytosis in Latin American countries--the Latin Study: A multicenter study (2008) Eur J Clin Pharmacol., 64 (9), pp. 921-929
dc.descriptionTakata, K., Kubota, S., Fukata, S., Kudo, T., Nishihara, E., Ito, M., Methimazole-induced agranulocytosis in patients with Graves' disease is more frequent with an initial dose of 30 mg daily than with 15 mg daily (2009) Thyroid., 19 (6), pp. 559-563
dc.descriptionSalpeter, S.R., Ormiston, T.M., Salpeter, E.E., Cardioselective betablockers in patients with reactive airway disease: A meta-analysis (2002) Ann Intern Med., 137 (9), pp. 715-725
dc.descriptionSato, H., Minagawa, M., Sasaki, N., Sugihara, S., Kazukawa, I., Minamitani, K., Comparison of methimazole and propylthiouracil in the management of children and adolescents with Graves' disease: Efficacy and adverse reactions during initial treatment and long-term outcome (2011) J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab., 24 (5-6), pp. 257-263
dc.descriptionChen, D.Y., Chen, T.H., Comparison of efficacy of 131I and antithyroid drugs in the treatment of Graves' disease in children (2005) Chin J Pediatr., 43 (7), pp. 507-509
dc.descriptionBogazzi, F., Vitti, P., Could improved ultrasound and power Doppler replace thyroidal radioiodine uptake to assess thyroid disease? (2008) Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab., 4 (2), pp. 70-71
dc.descriptionHu, B., Wei, Y.F., Huang, C., Chen, L.X., The treatment strategy for pediatric Graves' disease and the relevant problems of radioiodine treatment (2006) J Med Forum., 27, pp. 67-68
dc.descriptionMa, C., Kuang, A., Xie, J., Liu, G., Radioiodine treatment for pediatric Graves' disease (2008) Cochrane Database Syst Rev., 16, pp. CD006294
dc.descriptionRivkees, S.A., Cornelius, E.A., Influence of iodine-131 dose on the outcome of hyperthyroidism in children (2003) Pediatrics., 111 (4 PART 1), pp. 745-749
dc.descriptionZantut-Wittmann, D.E., Ramos, C.D., Santos, A.O., Lima, M.M., Panzan, A.D., Facuri, F.V., High pre-therapy [99mTc]pertechnetate thyroid uptake, thyroid size and thyrostatic drugs: Predictive factors of failure in [131I]iodide therapy in Graves' disease (2005) Nucl Med Commun., 26 (11), pp. 957-963
dc.descriptionNebesio, T.D., Siddiqui, A.R., Pescovitz, O.H., Eugster, E.A., Time course to hypothyroidism after fixed-dose radioablation therapy of Graves' disease in children (2002) J Pediatr., 141 (1), pp. 99-103
dc.descriptionMonte, O., Calliari, L.E.P., Longui, C.A., Utilização do 131I no tratamento da doença de Basedow-Graves na infância e adolescência (2004) Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab., 48 (1), pp. 166-170
dc.descriptionKalinyak, J.E., McDougall, I.R., How should the dose of iodine-131 be determined in the treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism? (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 88 (3), pp. 975-977
dc.descriptionKadmon, P.M., Noto, R.B., Boney, C.M., Goodwin, G., Gruppuso, P.A., Thyroid storm in a child following radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy: A consequence of RAI versus withdrawal of antithyroid medication (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 86 (5), pp. 1865-1867
dc.descriptionFreitas, J.E., Swanson, D.P., Gross, M.D., Sisson, J.C., Iodine-131: Optimal therapy for hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents? (1979) J Nucl Med., 20 (8), pp. 847-850
dc.descriptionRivkees, S.A., Dinauer, C., An optimal treatment for pediatric Graves' disease is radioiodine (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 92 (3), pp. 797-800
dc.descriptionBogazzi, F., Bartalena, L., Brogioni, S., Mazzeo, S., Vitti, P., Burelli, A., Color flow Doppler sonography rapidly differentiates type I and type II amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (1997) Thyroid., 7 (4), pp. 541-545
dc.descriptionImaizumi, M., Usa, T., Tominaga, T., Neriishi, K., Akahoshi, M., Nakashima, E., Radiation dose-response relationships for thyroid nodules and autoimmune thyroid diseases in Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors 55-58 years after radiation exposure (2006) JAMA., 295 (9), pp. 1011-1022
dc.descriptionCheetham, T.D., Hughes, I.A., Barnes, N.D., Wraight, E.P., Treatment of hyperthyroidism in young people (1998) Arch Dis Child., 78 (3), pp. 207-209
dc.descriptionFeliciano, D.V., Lyons, J.D., Thyroidectomy is optimal treatment for Graves' disease (2011) J Am Coll Surg., 212 (4), pp. 714-720
dc.descriptionSugino, K., Ito, K., Nagahama, M., Kitagawa, W., Shibuya, H., Ito, K., Surgical management of Graves' disease-10-year prospective trial at a single institution (2008) Endocr J., 55 (1), pp. 161-167
dc.descriptionKriplani, A., Buckshee, K., Bhargava, V.L., Takkar, D., Ammini, A.C., Maternal and perinatal outcome in thyrotoxicosis complicating pregnancy (1994) Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol., 54 (3), pp. 159-163
dc.descriptionDavis, L.E., Lucas, M.J., Hankins, G.D., Roark, M.L., Cunningham, F.G., Thyrotoxicosis complicating pregnancy (1989) Am J Obstet Gynecol., 160 (1), pp. 63-70
dc.descriptionMillar, L.K., Wing, D.A., Leung, A.S., Koonings, P.P., Montoro, M.N., Mestman, J.H., Low birth weight and preeclampsia in pregnancies complicated by hyperthyroidism (1994) Obstet Gynecol., 84 (6), pp. 946-949
dc.descriptionStagnaro-Green, A., Abalovich, M., Alexander, E., Azizi, F., Mestman, J., Negro, R., Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and Postpartum The American Thyroid Association Taskforce on Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and Postpartum (2011) Thyroid., 21 (10), pp. 1081-1125
dc.descriptionMandel, S.J., Cooper, D.S., The use of antithyroid drugs in pregnancy and lactation (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 86 (6), pp. 2354-2359
dc.descriptionClementi, M., Di Gianantonio, E., Pelo, E., Mammi, I., Basile, R.T., Tenconi, R., Methimazole embryopathy: Delineation of t
dc.descriptionTrzepacz, P.T., Klein, I., Roberts, M., Greenhouse, J., Levey, G.S., Graves' disease: An analysis of thyroid hormone levels and hyperthyroid signs and symptoms (1989) Am J Med., 87 (5), pp. 558-561
dc.descriptionGeffner, D.L., Hershman, J.M., Beta-adrenergic blockade for the treatment of hyperthyroidism (1992) Am J Med., 93 (1), pp. 61-68
dc.descriptionMcDevitt, D.G., Nelson, J.K., Comparative trial of atenolol and propranolol in hyperthyroidism (1978) Br J Clin Pharmacol., 6 (3), pp. 233-237
dc.descriptionDuggal, J., Singh, S., Kuchinic, P., Butler, P., Arora, R., Utility of esmolol in thyroid crisis (2006) Can J Clin Pharmacol., 13 (3), pp. 292-295
dc.descriptionHenderson, J.M., Portmann, L., van Melle, G., Haller, E., Ghika, J.A., Propranolol as an adjunct therapy for hyperthyroid tremor (1997) Eur Neurol., 37 (3), pp. 182-185
dc.descriptionMilner, M.R., Gelman, K.M., Phillips, R.A., Fuster, V., Davies, T.F., Goldman, M.E., Double-blind crossover trial of diltiazem versus propranolol in the management of thyrotoxic symptoms (1990) Pharmacotherapy., 10 (2), pp. 100-106
dc.descriptionKelestimur, F., Aksu, A., The effect of diltiazem on the manifestations of hyperthyroidism and thyroid function tests (1996) Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes., 104 (1), pp. 38-42
dc.descriptionCooper, D.S., Antithyroid drugs (2005) N Engl J Med., 352 (9), pp. 905-917
dc.descriptionRusso, M.W., Galanko, J.A., Shrestha, R., Fried, M.W., Watkins, P., Liver transplantation for acute liver failure from drug induced liver injury in the United States (2004) Liver Transpl., 10 (8), pp. 1018-1023
dc.descriptionBahn, R.S., Burch, H.B., Cooper, D.S., Garber, J.R., Greenlee, M.C., Klein, I., Hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: Management guidelines of the American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (2011) Endocr Pract., 17 (3), pp. 456-520
dc.descriptionShivakumar, S.K., Dwarakanath, S., Swaroop, G., Venkataramana, N.K., Aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp: Therapeutic modalities (2006) Neurol India., 54 (3), pp. 312-313
dc.descriptionReinwein, D., Benker, G., Lazarus, J.H., Alexander, W.D., A prospective randomized trial of antithyroid drug dose in Graves' disease therapy (1993) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 76 (6), pp. 1516-1521
dc.descriptionPearce, S.H., Spontaneous reporting of adverse reactions to carbimazole and propylthiouracil in the UK (2004) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)., 61 (5), pp. 589-594
dc.descriptionWilliams, K.V., Nayak, S., Becker, D., Reyes, J., Burmeister, L.A., Fifty years of experience with propylthiouracil-associated hepatotoxicity: What have we learned? (1997) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 82 (6), pp. 1727-1733
dc.descriptionFibbe, W.E., Claas, F.H.J., van der Star-Dijkstra, W., Schaafsma, M.R., Meyboom, R.H., Falkenburg, J.H., Agranulocytosis induced by propylthiouracil: Evidence of a drug dependent antibody reacting with granulocytes, monocytes and haematopoietic progenitor cells (1986) Br J Haematol., 64 (2), pp. 363-373
dc.descriptionCooper, D.S., The side effects of antithyroid drugs (1999) The Endocrinologist., 9, pp. 457-467
dc.descriptionSchleusener, H., Schwander, J., Fischer, C., Holle, R., Holl, G., Badenhoop, K., Prospective multicentre study on the prediction of relapse after antithyroid drug treatment in patients with Graves' disease (1989) Acta Endocrinol., 120 (6), pp. 689-701
dc.descriptionVitti, P., Rago, T., Chiovato, L., Pallini, S., Santini, F., Fiore, E., Clinical features of patients with Graves' disease undergoing remission after antithyroid drug treatment (1997) Thyroid., 7 (3), pp. 369-375
dc.descriptionTamai, H., Nakagawa, T., Fukino, O., Ohsako, N., Shinzato, R., Suematsu, H., Thionamida therapy in Graves' disease: Relation of relapse rate to duration of therapy (1980) Ann Intern Med., 92 (4), pp. 488-490
dc.descriptionAllannic, H., Fauchet, R., Orgiazzi, J., Madec, A.M., Genetet, B., Lorcy, Y., Antithyroid drugs and Graves' disease: A prospective randomized evaluation of the efficacy of treatment duration (1990) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 70 (3), pp. 675-679
dc.descriptionBenker, G., Rjenwein, D., Kahaly, G., Teglu, L., Alexander, W.D., Fassbinder, J., Is there a methimazole dose effect on remission rate in Graves' disease? Results from a long-term prospective study (1998) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)., 49 (4), pp. 451-457
dc.descriptionWood, L.C., Ingbar, S.H., Hypothyroidism as a late sequela in patient with Graves' disease treated with antithyroid agents (1979) J Clin Invest., 64 (5), pp. 1429-1436
dc.descriptionHedley, A.J., Young, R.E., Jones, S.J., Alexander, W.D., Bewsher, P.D., Antithyroid drugs in the treatment of hyperthyridism of Graves' disease: Long-term follow-up of 434 patients (1989) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)., 31 (2), pp. 209-218
dc.descriptionBerglund, J., Christensen, S.B., Dymling, J.F., Hallengren, B., The incidence of recurrence and hypothyroidism following treatment with antithyroid drugs, surgery or radioiodine in all patients with thyrotoxicosis in Malmo during the period 1970-1974 (1991) J Intern Med., 229 (5), pp. 435-442
dc.descriptionCruz Júnior, A.F., Takahashi, M.H., Albino, C.C., Tratamento clínico com drogas antitireoidianas ou dose terapêutica de Iodo-131 no controle do hipertireoidismo na doença de Graves: Avaliação dos custos e benefícios (2006) Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab., 50 (6), pp. 1096-1101
dc.descriptionHegedus, L., Treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism: Evidencebased and emerging modalities (2009) Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am., 38 (2), pp. 355-371
dc.descriptionRoss, D.S., Radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism (2011) N Engl J Med., 364 (6), pp. 542-550
dc.descriptionBurch, H.B., Solomon, B.L., Cooper, D.S., Ferguson, P., Walpert, N., Howard, R., The effect of antithyroid drug pretreatment on acute changes in thyroid hormone levels after (131)I ablation for Graves' disease (2001) J Clin Endocrino Metab., 86 (7), pp. 3016-3021
dc.descriptionAndrade, V.A., Gross, J.L., Maia, A.L., The effect of methimazole pretreatment on the efficacy of radioactive iodine therapy in Graves' hyperthyroidism: One-year follow-up of a prospective, randomized study (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 86 (8), pp. 3488-3493
dc.descriptionSantos, R.B., Romaldini, J.H., Ward, L.S., Propylthiouracil reduces the effectiveness of radioiodine treatment in hyperthyroid patients with Graves' disease (2004) Thyroid., 14 (7), pp. 525-530
dc.descriptionImseis, R.E., Vanmiddlesworth, L., Massie, J.D., Bush, A.J., Vanmiddlesworth, N.R., Pretreatment with propylthiouracil but not methimazole reduces the therapeutic efficacy of iodine-131 in hyperthyroidism (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 83 (2), pp. 685-687
dc.descriptionBonnema, S.J., Bennedbaek, F.N., Gram, J., Veje, A., Marving, J., Hegedus, L., Resumption of methimazole after 131I therapy of hyperthyroid diseases: Effect on thyroid function and volume evaluated by a randomized clinical trial (2003) Eur J Endocrinol., 149 (6), pp. 485-492
dc.descriptionAbraham, P., Acharya, S., Current and emerging treatment options for Graves' hyperthyroidism (2010) Ther Clin Risk Manag., 2 (6), pp. 29-40
dc.descriptionJarløv, A.E., Hegedüs, L., Kristensen, L.O., Nygaard, B., Hansen, J.M., Is calculation of the dose in radioiodine therapy of hyperthyroidism worth while? (1995) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)., 43 (3), pp. 325-329
dc.descriptionLeslie, W.D., Ward, L., Salamon, E.A., Ludwig, S., Rowe, R.C., Cowden, E.A., A randomized comparison of radioiodine doses in Graves' hyperthyroidism (2003) J Clin Endocrino Metab., 88 (3), pp. 978-983
dc.descriptionAllahabadia, A., Dykin, J., Sheppard, M.C., Gough, S.C., Franklyn, J.A., Radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism-prognostic factors for outcome (2001) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 86 (8), pp. 3611-3617
dc.descriptionvan Isselt, J.W., de Klerk, J.M., Lips, C.J., Radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism: Fixed or calculated doses
dc.descriptionintelligent design or science? (2007) Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imag., 34 (11), pp. 1883-1884
dc.descriptionde Rooij, A., Vandenbroucke, J.P., Smit, J.W., Stokkel, M.P., Dekkers, O.M., Clinical outcomes after estimated versus calculated activity of radioiodine for the treatment of hyperthyroidism: Systematic review and meta-analysis (2009) Eur J Endocrinol., 161 (5), pp. 771-777
dc.descriptionBoelaert, K., Syed, A.A., Manji, N., Sheppard, M.C., Holder, R.L., Gough, S.C., Prediction of cure and risk of hypothyroidism in patients receiving 131I for hyperthyroidism (2009) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)., 70 (1), pp. 129-138
dc.descriptionAbraham, P., Acharya, A., Current and emerging treatment options for Graves' hyperthyroidism (2010) Ther Clin Risk Manag., 6, pp. 29-40
dc.descriptionFlower, M.A., al-Saadi, A., Harmer, C.L., McCready, V.R., Ott, R.J., Doseresponse study on thyrotoxic patients undergoing positron emission tomography and radioiodine therapy (1994) Eur J Nucl Med., 21 (6), pp. 531-536
dc.descriptionCooper, D.S., Hyperthyroidism (2003) Lancet., 362 (9382), pp. 459-468
dc.descriptionBogazzi, F., Giovannetti, C., Fessehatsion, R., Tanda, M.L., Campomori, A., Compri, E., Impact of lithium on efficacy of radioactive iodine therapy for Graves' disease: A cohort study on cure rate, time to cure, and frequency of increased serum thyroxine after antithyroid drug withdrawal (2010) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 95 (1), pp. 201-208
dc.descriptionMetso, S., Auvinen, A., Huhtala, H., Salmi, J., Oksala, H., Jaatinen, P., Increased cancer incidence after radioiodine treatment for hyperthyroidism (2007) Cancer., 109 (10), pp. 1972-1979
dc.descriptionVerburg, F.A., Luster, M., Lassmann, M., Reiners, C., (131)I therapy in patients with benign thyroid disease does not conclusively lead to a higher risk of subsequent malignancies (2011) Nuklearmedizin., 50 (3), pp. 93-99
dc.descriptionCeccarelli, C., Canale, D., Battisti, P., Caglieresi, C., Moschini, C., Fiore, E., Testicular function after 131I therapy for hyperthyroidism (2006) Clin Endocrinol., 65 (4), pp. 446-452
dc.descriptionStalberg, P., Svensson, A., Hessman, O., Akerstrom, G., Hellman, P., Surgical treatment of Graves' disease: Evidence-based approach (2008) World J Surg., 32 (7), pp. 1269-1277
dc.descriptionYip, J., Lang, B.H., Lo, C.Y., Changing trend in surgical indication and management for Graves' disease (2012) Am J Surg., 203 (2), pp. 162-167
dc.descriptionLiu, J., Bargren, A., Schaefer, S., Chen, H., Sippel, R.S., Total thyroidectomy: A safe and effective treatment for Graves' disease (2011) J Surg Res., 168 (1), pp. 1-4
dc.descriptionNayak, B., Burman, K., Thyrotoxicosis and thyroid storm (2006) Endocr Metab Clin North Am., 35 (4), pp. 663-686
dc.descriptionAnsaldo, G.L., Pretolesi, F., Varaldo, E., Meola, C., Minuto, M., Borgonovo, G., Doppler evaluation of intrathyroid arterial resistances during preoperative treatment with Lugol's iodide solution in patients with diffuse toxic goiter (2000) J Am Coll Surg., 191 (6), pp. 607-612
dc.descriptionErbil, Y., Ozluk, Y., Giris, M., Salmaslioglu, A., Issever, H., Barbaros, U., Effect of lugol solution on thyroid gland blood flow and microvessel density in the patients with Graves' disease (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 92 (6), pp. 2182-2189
dc.descriptionBellantone, R., Lombardi, C.P., Raffaelli, M., Boscherini, M., Alesina, P.F., de Crea, C., Is routine supplementation therapy (calcium and vitamin D) useful after total thyroidectomy? (2002) Surgery., 132 (6), pp. 1109-1112
dc.descriptionPortefield Jr., J.R., Thompson, G.B., Farley, D.R., Grant, C.S., Richards, M.I., Evidence-based management of toxic multinodular goiter (Plummer' Disease) (2008) World J Surg., 32 (7), pp. 1278-1284
dc.descriptionWinsa, B., Rastad, J., Akerstrom, G., Johansson, H., Westermark, K., Karlsson, F.A., Retrospective evaluation of subtotal and total thyroidectomy in Graves' disease with and without endocrine ophthalmopathy (1995) Eur J Endocrinol., 132 (4), pp. 406-412
dc.descriptionMiccoli, P., Vitti, P., Rago, T., Iacconi, P., Bartalena, L., Bogazzi, F., Surgical treatment of Graves' disease: Subtotal or total thyroidectomy? (1996) Surgery., 120 (6), pp. 1020-1024
dc.descriptionPalit, T.K., Miller III, C.C., Miltenburg, D.M., The efficacy of thyroidectomy for Graves' disease: A meta-analysis (2000) J Surg Res., 90 (2), pp. 161-165
dc.descriptionSosa, J.A., Bowman, H.M., Tielsch, J.M., Powe, N.R., Gordon, T.A., Udelsman, R., The importance of surgeon experience for clinical and economic outcomes from thyroidectomy (1998) Ann Surg., 228 (3), pp. 320-330
dc.descriptionStocker, D.J., Burch, H.B., Thyroid cancer yield in patients with Graves' disease (2003) Minerva Endocrinol., 28 (3), pp. 205-212
dc.descriptionKikuchi, S., Noguchi, S., Yamashita, H., Uchino, S., Kawamoto, H., Prognosis of small thyroid cancer in patients with Graves' disease (2006) Br J Surg., 93 (4), pp. 434-439
dc.descriptionCamargo, R., Corigliano, S., Friguglietti, C., Gauna, A., Harach, R., Munizaga, F., Latin American thyroid society. Latin American thyroid society recommendations for the management of thyroid nodules (2009) Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab., 53 (9), pp. 1167-1175
dc.descriptionKrohn, K., Führer, D., Bayer, Y., Eszlinger, M., Brauer, V., Neumann, S., Molecular pathogenesis of euthyroid and toxic multinodular goiter (2005) Endocr Rev., 26 (4), pp. 504-524
dc.descriptionFranklyn, J.A., Boelaert, K., Thyrotoxicosis (2012) Lancet., 379 (9821), pp. 1155-1166
dc.descriptionBecker, D.V., Hurley, J.R., Complications of radioiodine treatment of hyperthyroidism (1971) Semin Nucl Med., 1 (4), pp. 442-460
dc.descriptionKoornstra, J.J., Kerstens, M.N., Hoving, J., Visscher, K.J., Schade, J.H., Gort, H.B., Clinical and biochemical changes following 131I therapy for hyperthyroidism in patients not pretreated with antithyroid drugs (1999) Neth J Med., 55 (5), pp. 215-221
dc.descriptionPapini, E., Guglielmi, R., Bianchini, A., Creszenci, A., Taccogna, S., Nardi, F., Risk of malignancies in non-palpable thyroid nodules: Predictive value of ultrasound and colo-Doppler features (2002) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 87 (5), pp. 1941-1946
dc.descriptionGraf, H., Pacini, F., Pinchera, A., Leung, A., Vaisman, M., Reiners, C., Modified-release recombinant human TSH (MRrhTSH) augments the effect of 131I therapy in benign multinodular goiter: Results from a multicenter international, randomized, placebo-controlled study (2011) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 96 (5), pp. 1368-1376
dc.descriptionHegedus, L., Bonnema, S.J., Bennedbaek, F.N., Management of simple nodular goiter: Current status and future perspectives (2003) Endocr Rev., 24 (1), pp. 102-132
dc.descriptionZakavi, S.R., Mousavi, Z., Davachi, B., Comparison of four different protocols of I-131 therapy for treating single toxic thyroid nodule (2009) Nucl Med Commun., 30 (2), pp. 169-175
dc.descriptionErickson, D., Gharib, H., Li, H., van Heerden, J.A., Treatment of patients with toxic multinodular goiter (1998) Thyroid., 8 (4), pp. 277-282
dc.descriptionWahl, R.A., Rimpl, I., Saalabian, S., Schabram, J., Differentiated operative therapy of thyroid autonomy (Plummer's disease) (1998) Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes., 106 (SUPPL. 4), pp. S78-S84
dc.descriptionKang, A.S., Grant, C.S., Thompson, G.B., van Heerden, J.A., Current treatment of nodular goiter with hyperthyroidism (Plummer's Disease): Surgery versus radioiodine (2002) Surgery., 132 (6), pp. 916-923
dc.descriptionVidal-Trecan, G.M., Stahl, J.E., Eckman, M.H., Radioiodine or surgery for toxic thyroid adenoma: Dissecting an important decision. A cost-effectiveness analysis (2004) Thyroid., 14 (11), pp. 933-945
dc.descriptionVaiman, M., Nagibin, A., Hagag, P., Kessler, A., Gavriel, H., Hypothyroidism following partial thyroidectomy (2008) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg., 138 (1), pp. 98-100
dc.descriptionLippi, F., Ferrari, C., Manetti, L., Rago, T., Santini, F., Monzani, F., Treatment of solitary authonomous thyroid nodules by percutaneous ethanol injection: Results of an Italian multicenter study. The Multicenter Study Group (1996) J Clin Endocrinol Metab., 81 (9), pp. 3261-3264
dc.descriptionBraga-Basaria, M., Trippia, M.A., Stolf, A.R., Mesa Jr., C., Graf, H., Treatment of autonomous and cystic thyroid nodules with intranodular ethanol injection (2002) Rev Assoc Med Bras., 48 (4), pp. 335-340
dc.descriptionYano, Y., Sugino, K., Akaishi, J., Uruno, T., Okuwa, K., Shibuya, H., Treatment of autonomously functioning thyroid nodules at a single institution: Radioiodine therapy, surgery, and ethanol injection therapy (2011) Ann Nucl Med., 25 (10), pp. 749-754
dc.descriptionMonzani, F., Caraccio, N., Goletti, O., Lippolis, P.V., Casolaro, A., del Guerra, P., Five-year follow-up of percutaneous ethanol injection for the treatment of hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules: A study of 117 patients (1997) Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)., 46 (1), pp. 9-15
dc.descriptionJanowitz, P., Ackmann, S., Long-term results of ultrasound-guided ethanol injections in patients with autonomous thyroid nodules and hyperthyroidism (2001) Med Klin (Munich)., 96 (8), pp. 451-456
dc.descriptionValcavi, R., Frasoldati, A., Ultrasound-guided percutaneous etanol injection therapy in thyroid cystic nodules (2004) Endocr Pract., 10 (3), pp. 269-275
dc.descriptionTarantino, L., Francica, G., Sordelli, I., Sperlongano, P., Parmeggiani, D., Ripa, C., Percutaneous ethanol injection of hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules: Long-term follow-up in 125 patients (2008) AJR Am J Roentgenol., 190 (3), pp. 800-808
dc.descriptionDossing, H., Bennebaek, F.N., Karstrup, S., Hegedüs, L., Benign solitary solid cold thyroid nodules: US-guided interstitial laser photocoagulation-initial experience (2002) Radiology., 225 (1), pp. 53-57
dc.descriptionPapini, E., Guglielmi, R., Bizarri, G., Pacella, C.M., Ultrasound-guided laser termal ablation for treatment of benign thyroid nodules (2004) Endocrine Practice., 10 (3), pp. 276-283
dc.relationArquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia e Metabologia
dc.rightsfechado
dc.sourceScopus
dc.titleThe Brazilian Consensus For The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Hyperthyroidism: Recommendations By The Thyroid Department Of The Brazilian Society Of Endocrinology And Metabolism [consenso Brasileiro Para O Diagnóstico E Tratamento Do Hipertireoidismo: Recomendações Do Departamento De Tireoide Da Sociedade Brasileira De Endocrinologia E Metabologia]
dc.typeArtículos de revistas


Este ítem pertenece a la siguiente institución