Artículos de revistas
The Hydroclimatic And Ecophysiological Basis Of Cloud Forest Distributions Under Current And Projected Climates
Registro en:
Annals Of Botany. Oxford University Press, v. 113, n. 6, p. 909 - 920, 2014.
3057364
10.1093/aob/mcu060
2-s2.0-84899539149
Autor
Oliveira R.S.
Eller C.B.
Bittencourt P.R.L.
Mulligan M.
Institución
Resumen
Background Tropical montane cloud forests (TMCFs) are characterized by a unique set of biological and hydroclimatic features, including frequent and/or persistent fog, cool temperatures, and high biodiversity and endemism. These forests are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to climate change given their small geographic range, high endemism and dependence on a rare microclimatic envelope. The frequency of atmospheric water deficits for some TMCFs is likely to increase in the future, but the consequences for the integrity and distribution of these ecosystems are uncertain. In order to investigate plant and ecosystem responses to climate change, we need to know how TMCF species function in response to current climate, which factors shape function and ecology most and how these will change into the future. Scope This review focuses on recent advances in ecophysiological research of TMCF plants to establish a link between TMCF hydrometeorological conditions and vegetation distribution, functioning and survival. The hydraulic characteristics of TMCF trees are discussed, together with the prevalence and ecological consequences of foliar uptake of fog water (FWU) in TMCFs, a key process that allows efficient acquisition of water during cloud immersion periods, minimizing water deficits and favouring survival of species prone to drought-induced hydraulic failure. Conclusions Fog occurrence is the single most important microclimatic feature affecting the distribution and function of TMCF plants. Plants in TMCFs are very vulnerable to drought (possessing a small hydraulic safety margin), and the presence of fog and FWU minimizes the occurrence of tree water deficits and thus favours the survival of TMCF trees where such deficits may occur. Characterizing the interplay between microclimatic dynamics and plant water relations is key to foster more realistic projections about climate change effects on TMCF functioning and distribution. © 2014 The Author. 113 6 909 920 Aldrich, M., Billington, C., Edwards, M., Laidlaw, R., (1997) A Global Directory of Tropical Montane Cloud Forests, , Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC Allen, D.J., Ort, D.R., Impacts of chilling temperatures on photosynthesis in warm-climate plants (2001) Trends in Plant Science, 6 (1), pp. 36-42. , DOI 10.1016/S1360-1385(00)01808-2, PII S1360138500018082 Barthlott, W., Neinhuis, C., Purity of the sacred lotus, or escape from contamination in biological surfaces (1997) Planta, 202 (1), pp. 1-8. , DOI 10.1007/s004250050096 Bauerle, T.L., Richards, J.H., Smart, D.R., Eissenstat, D.M., Importance of internal hydraulic redistribution for prolonging the lifespan of roots in dry soil (2008) Plant, Cell and Environment, 31, pp. 177-186 Becker, M., Kerstiens, G., Schönherr, J., Water permeability of plant cuticles: Permeance, diffusion and partition coefficients (1986) Trees, 1, pp. 54-60 Bertoncello, R., Yamamoto, K., Meireles, L.D., Shepherd, G.J., A phytogeographic analysis of cloud forests and other forest subtypes amidst the Atlantic forests in south and southeast Brazil (2011) Biodiversity and Conservation, 20, pp. 3413-3433 Breshears, D.D., McDowell, N.G., Goddard, K.L., Dayem, K.E., Martens, S.N., Meyer, C.W., Brown, K.M., Foliar absorption of intercepted rainfall improves woody plant water status most during drought (2008) Ecology, 89 (1), pp. 41-47. , http://www.esajournals.org/archive/0012-9658/89/1/pdf/i0012-9658-89-1-41. pdf, DOI 10.1890/07-0437.1 Brewer, C.A., Smith, W.K., Patterns of leaf surface wetness for montane and subalpine plants (1997) Plant, Cell and Environment, 20 (1), pp. 1-11 Brodersen, C.R., McElrone, A.J., Maintenance of xylem network transport capacity: A review of embolism repair in vascular plants (2013) Frontiers in Plant Science, 4, pp. 1-11 Brown, M.B., De Laroca, I., Vallejo, A., Avaluation analysis of the role of cloud forests in watershed protection (1996) Sierra de Las Minas Biosphere Reserve, Guatemala and Cusuco N. P., , Honduras. Philadelphia, PA: RARE Center for Tropical Conservation Bruijnzeel, L.A., Hydrology of tropical montane cloud forest: A reassessment (2001) Land Use and Water Resources Research, 1, pp. 1-18 Bruijnzeel, L.A., Hamilton, L.S., (2000) Decision Time for Cloud Forests, , IHP Humid Tropics Programme, Series no. 13. Paris: IHP-UNESCO, Amsterdam: IUCN-NL, and Gland: WWF International Bruijnzeel, L.A., Veneklaas, E.J., Climatic conditions and tropical montane forest productivity: The fog has not lifted yet (1998) Ecology, 79 (1), pp. 3-9 Bruijnzee, L.L.A., Scatena, F.N., Hamilton, L.S., (2010) Tropical Montane Cloud Forests. Science for Conservation and Management, , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Bruijnzeel, L.A., Kappelle, M., Mulligan, M., Scatena, F.N., Tropical montane cloud forests: State of knowledge and sustainability perspectives in a changing world (2010) Tropical Montane Cloud Forests. Science for Conservation and Management, pp. 691-740. , Bruijnzeel LA, Scatena FN, Hamilton LS, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Bruijnzeel, L.A., Mulligan, M., Scatena, F.N., Hydrometeorology of tropical montane cloud forests: Emerging patterns (2011) Hydrological Processes, 25, pp. 465-498 Bubb, P., May, I., Miles, L., Sayer, J., (2004) Cloud Forest Agenda, , Cambridge: UNEP-WCMC Burgess, S.S.O., Dawson, T.E., The contribution of fog to the water relations of Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don): Foliar uptake and prevention of dehydration (2004) Plant, Cell and Environment, 27 (8), pp. 1023-1034. , DOI 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2004.01207.x Burgess, S.S.O., Dawson, T.E., Predicting the limits to tree height using statistical regressions of leaf traits (2007) New Phytologist, 174 (3), pp. 626-636. , DOI 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2007.02017.x Burgess, S.S.O., Adams, M.A., Turner, N.C., Ong, C.K., The redistribution of soil water by tree root systems (1998) Oecologia, 115 (3), pp. 306-311. , DOI 10.1007/s004420050521 Burkhardt, M., Hygroscopic particles on leaves: Nutrients or desiccants? (2010) Ecological Monographs, 80, pp. 369-399 Burghardt, M., Riederer, M., Ecophysiological relevance of cuticular transpiration of deciduous and evergreen plants in relation to stomatal closure and leaf water potential (2003) Journal of Experimental Botany, 54 (389), pp. 1941-1949. , DOI 10.1093/jxb/erg195 Burkhardt, J., Basi, S., Pariyar, S., Hunsche, M., Stomatal penetration by aqueous solutions - An update involving leaf surface particles (2012) New Phytologist, 196, pp. 774-787 Cape, J.N., Surface wetness and pollutant deposition (1996) Plant Cuticles: An Integrated Approach, pp. 283-300. , Kerstiens G, ed. Oxford: BIOS Scientific Publishers Cavelier, J., Tissue water relations in elfin cloud forest tree species of Serrania de Macuira, Guajira, Colombia (1996) Trees, 4, pp. 155-163 Cassana, F.F., Dillenburg, L.R., The periodic wetting of leaves enhances water relations and growth of the long-lived conifer Araucaria angustifolia (2012) Plant Biology, 15, pp. 75-83 Choat, B., Jansen, S., Brodribb, T.J., Global convergence in the vulnerability of forests to drought (2012) Nature, 491, pp. 752-755 Chu, H.-S., Chang, S.-C., Klemm, O., Does canopy wetness matter? Evapotranspiration from a subtropical montane cloud forest in Taiwan (2014) Hydrological Processes, 28, pp. 1190-1214 Dawson, T.E., Hydraulic lift and the water use by plants: Implications for water balance, perfomance and plant-plant interactions (1993) Oecologia, 95, pp. 565-574 Dawson, T.E., Water loss from tree roots influences soil water and nutrient status and plant performance (1997) Radical Biology: Advances and Perspectives on the Function of Plant Roots, pp. 235-250. , Flore HE, Lynch JP, Eissenstat DM, eds. Rockville, MD: American Society of Plant Physiologists Dawson, T.E., Fog in the California redwood forest: Ecosystem inputs and use by plants (1998) Oecologia, 117 (4), pp. 476-485. , DOI 10.1007/s004420050683 Dawson, T.E., Burgess, S.S.O., Tu, K.P., Oliveira, R.S., Santiago, L.S., Fisher, J.B., Simonin, K.A., Ambrose, A.R., Nighttime transpiration in woody plants from contrasting ecosystems (2007) Tree Physiology, 27 (4), pp. 561-575 Domec, J.-C., Warren, J.M., Meinzer, F.C., Brooks, J.R., Coulombe, R., Native root xylem embolism and stomatal closure in stands of Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine: Mitigation by hydraulic redistribution (2004) Oecologia, 141 (1), pp. 7-16. , DOI 10.1007/s00442-004-1621-4 Domec, J.C., Scholz, F.G., Bucci, S.J., Meinzer, F.C., Goldstein, G., Villalobos-Vega, R., Diurnal and seasonal changes in root xylem embolism in Neotropical savanna woody species: Impact on stomatal control of plant water status (2006) Plant, Cell and Environment, 29, pp. 26-35 Eichert, T., Kurtz, A., Steinerb, U., Goldbach, H., Size exclusion limits and lateral heterogeneity of the stomatal foliar uptake pathway for aqueous solutes and water suspended nanoparticles (2008) Physiologia Plantarum, 134, pp. 151-160 Eller, C.B., Lima, A.L., Oliveira, R.S., Foliar uptake of fogwater and transport belowground alleviates drought effects in the cloud forest tree species drimys brasiliensis (Winteraceae) (2013) New Phytologist, 199, pp. 151-162 Evans, K.J., Nyquist, W.E., Latin, R.X., Amodel based on temperature and leaf wetness duration for establishment of Alternaria leaf blight of muskmelon (1992) Phytopathology, 82, pp. 890-895 Feild, T.S., Holbrook, N.M., Xylem sap flow and stem hydraulics of the vesselless angiosperm Drimys granadensis(Winteraceae) in aCosta Rican elfin forest (2000) Plant, Cell and Environment, 23, pp. 1067-1077 Giambelluca, T.W., Gerold, G., Hydrology and biogeochemistry of tropical montane cloud forests (2011) Hydrology and Biogeochemistry of Forest Ecosystems, pp. 221-259. , Levia DF, Carlyle-Moses D, Tanaka T, eds. New York: Springer Verlag Goldsmith, G.R., Matzke, N.J., Dawson, T.E., The incidence and implications of clouds for cloud forest plant water relations (2013) Ecology Letters, 16, pp. 307-314 Gotsch, S.G., Asbjornsen, H., Holwerda, F., Goldsmith, G.R., Weintraub, A.E., Dawson, T.E., Foggy days and dry nights determine crown-level water balance in a seasonal tropical montane cloud forest (2014) Plant, Cell and Environment, 37, pp. 261-272 Grammatikopoulos, G., Manetas, Y., Direct absorption of water by hairy leaves of Phlomis fruticosa and its contribution to drought avoidance (1994) Canadian Journal of Botany, 72, pp. 1805-1811 Grubb, P.J., Whitmore, T.C., A comparison of montane and lowland rain forest in Ecuador. II. Theclimate and its effects on the distribution and physiognomy of the forests (1966) Journal of Ecology, 54, pp. 303-333 Holder, C.D., Rainfall interception and fog precipitation in a tropical montane cloud forest of Guatemala (2004) Forest Ecology and Management, 190 (2-3), pp. 373-384. , DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2003.11.004, PII S0378112703005139 Holder, C.D., Leaf water repellency of species in Guatemala and Colorado (USA) and its significance to forest hydrology studies (2007) Journal of Hydrology, 336 (1-2), pp. 147-154. , DOI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2006.12.018, PII S0022169407000042 Holder, C.D., Leaf water repellency as an adaptation to tropical montane cloud forest environments (2007) Biotropica, 39 (6), pp. 767-770. , DOI 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00303.x Holwerda, F., Bruijnzeel, L.A., Oord, A.L., Fog interception in a Puerto Rican elfin cloud forest: Awet-canopywater budget approach (2010) Tropical Montane Cloud Forests. Science for Conservation and Management, pp. 282-292. , Bruijnzeel LA, Scatena FN, Hamilton LS, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Jane, G.T., Green, T.G.A., Patterns of stomatal conductance in six evergreen tree species from a New Zealand cloud forest (1985) Botanical Gazette, 146, pp. 413-420 Jarvis, A., Mulligan, M., The climate of cloud forests (2011) Hydrological Processes, 25, pp. 327-343 Kerstiens, G., Cuticular water permeability and its physiological significance (1996) Journal of Experimental Botany, 47 (305), pp. 1813-1832 Kerstiens, G., Water transport in plant cuticles: An update (2006) Journal of Experimental Botany, 57 (11), pp. 2493-2499. , DOI 10.1093/jxb/erl017 Kumagai, T., Saitoh, T.M., Sato, Y., Morooka, T., Manfroi, O.J., Kuraji, K., Suzuki, M., Transpiration, canopy conductance and the decoupling coefficient of a lowland mixed dipterocarp forest in Sarawak, Borneo: Dry spell effects (2004) Journal of Hydrology, 287 (1-4), pp. 237-251. , DOI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.10.002, PII S0022169403004165 Kumagai, T., Saitoh, T.M., Sato, Y., Takahashi, H., Manfroi, O.J., Morooka, T., Kuraji, K., Komatsu, H., Annual water balance and seasonality of evapotranspiration in a Bornean tropical rainforest (2005) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 128 (1-2), pp. 81-92. , DOI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2004.08.006, PII S0168192304001935 Letts, M.G., Mulligan, M., The impact of light quality and leaf wetness on photosynthesis in north-west Andean tropical montane cloud forest (2005) Journal of Tropical Ecology, 21, pp. 549-557 Lima, A.L., The Ecological Role of Fog and Foliarwater Uptake in Threewoody Species from Southeastern Brazilian Cloud Forest, , Masters thesis, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil Limm, E., Simonin, K., Bothman, A., Dawson, T., Foliar water uptake: A common water acquisition strategy for plants of the redwood forest (2009) Oecologia, 161, pp. 449-459 Liu, W., Meng, F.-R., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Li, H., Water input from fog drip in the tropical seasonal rain forest of Xishuangbanna, South-West China (2004) Journal of Tropical Ecology, 20 (5), pp. 517-524. , DOI 10.1017/S0266467404001890 Loope, L.L., Giambelluca, T.W., Vulnerability of island tropical montane cloud forests to climate change, with special reference to East Maui, Hawaii (1998) Climatic Change, 39 (2-3), pp. 503-517 Lowry, J.B., Lee, D.W., Stone, B.C., Effects of drought on Mount Kinabalu (1973) Malayan Nature Journal, 26, pp. 178-179 Luna-Vega, I., Morrone, J.J., Ayala, O.A., Organista, D.E., Biogeographical affinities among Neotropical cloud forests (2001) Plant Systematics and Evolution, 228 (3-4), pp. 229-239. , DOI 10.1007/s006060170031 Martin, C.E., Vonwillert, D.J., Leaf epidermal hydathodes and the ecophysiological consequences of foliar water uptake in species of Crassula from the Namib Desert in southern Africa (2000) Plant Biology, 2, pp. 229-242 Martorell, C., Ezcurra, E., The narrow-leaf syndrome: A functional and evolutionary approach to the form of fog-harvesting rosette plants (2007) Oecologia, 151 (4), pp. 561-573. , DOI 10.1007/s00442-006-0614-x McDowell, N., Pockman, W.T., Allen, C.D., Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: Why do some plants survive while others succumb to drought? (2008) New Phytologist, 178, pp. 719-739 Meireles, L.D., (2003) Florística das Fisionomias Vegetacionais e Estrutura da Floresta Alto-montana de Monte Verde, Serra da Mantiqueira, MG, , Masters thesis, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil Mercado, L.M., Bellouin, N., Sitch, S., Impact of changes in diffuse radiation on the global land carbon sink (2009) Nature, 458, pp. 1014-1017 Motzer, T., Micrometeorological aspects of a tropical mountain forest (2005) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 135 (1-4), pp. 230-240. , DOI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.11.019, PII S0168192305002819 Mulligan, M., Modeling the tropics-wide extent and distribution of cloud forest and cloud forest loss, with implications for conservation priority (2010) Tropical Montane Cloud Forests. Science for Conservation and Management, pp. 14-39. , Bruijnzeel LA, Scatena FN, Hamilton LS, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Mulligan, M., Fisher, M., Sharma, B., The nature and impact of climate change in the Challenge Program onWater and Food (CPWF) basins (2011) Water International, 36, pp. 96-124 Niederl, S., Kirsch, T., Riederer, M., Schreiber, L., Co-permeability of 3H-labeled water and 14C-labeled organic acids across isolated plant cuticles: Investigating cuticular paths of diffusion and predicting cuticular transpiration (1998) Plant Physiology, 116 (1), pp. 117-123 Oliveira, R.S., Dawson, T.E., Burgess, S.S.O., Nepstad, D.C., Hydraulic redistribution in three Amazonian trees (2005) Oecologia, 145 (3), pp. 354-363. , DOI 10.1007/s00442-005-0108-2 Oliveira, R.S., Dawson, T.E., Burgess, S.S.O., Evidence for direct water absorption by the shoot of the desiccation-tolerant plant Vellozia flavicans in the savannas of central Brazil (2005) Journal of Tropical Ecology, 21 (5), pp. 585-588. , DOI 10.1017/S0266467405002658 Oliveira, R.S., Christoffersen, B.O., Barros, F.V., Changing precipitation regimes and the water and carbon economies of trees (2014) Theoretical and Experimental Plant Physiology, , doi:10. 1007/s40626-014-0007-1 Pang, J., Wang, Y., Lambers, H., Tibbet, M., Siddique, K.H.M., Ryan, M.H., Commensalism in an agroecosystem: Hydraulic redistribution by deeprooted legumes improves survival of a droughted shallow-rooted legume companion (2013) Physiologia Plantarum, 149, pp. 79-90 Pammenter, N.W., Willigen, C.V., A mathematical and statistical analysis of the curves illustrating vulnerability of xylem to cavitation (1998) Tree Physiology, 18 (8-9), pp. 589-593 Pauchard, A., Kueffer, C., Dietz, H., Ain't no mountain high enough: Plant invasions reaching new elevations (2009) Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 7, pp. 479-486 Pounds, J.A., Fogden, M.P.L., Campbell, J.H., Biological response to climate change on a tropical mountain (1999) Nature, 398 (6728), pp. 611-615. , DOI 10.1038/19297 Prieto, I., Padilla, F.M., Armas, C., Pugnaire, F.I., The role of hydraulic lift on seedlingestablishmentunderanurse plant species in a semi-aridenvironment (2011) Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 13, pp. 181-187 Querejeta, J.I., Egerton-Warburton, L.M., Allen, M.F., Hydraulic lift may buffer rhizosphere hyphae against the negative effects of severe soil drying in a California Oak savanna (2007) Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 39 (2), pp. 409-417. , DOI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.08.008, PII S003807170600366X Ramirez-Villegas, J., Jarvis, A., (2010) Downscaling Global Circulation Model Outputs: The Delta Method Decision and Policy Analysis, , Working Paper No. 1. Colombia: Decision and Policy Analysis, CIAT Reinhardt, K., Smith, W.K., Impacts of cloud immersion on microclimate, photosynthesis and water relations of Abies fraseri (Pursh.) Poiret in a temperate mountain cloud forest (2008) Oecologia, 158, pp. 229-238 Reynolds, K.M., Madden, L.V., Richard, D.L., Ellis, M.A., Splash dispersal of Phytophthora cactorum from infected strawberry fruit by simulated canopy drip (1989) Phytopathology, 79, pp. 425-432 Bhp, R., Holder, C.D., The significance of leafwater repellency in ecohydrological research: A review (2013) Ecohydrology, 6, pp. 150-161 Rosado, B.H.P., Oliveira, R.S., Aidar, M.P.M., Is leafwater repellency related to vapor pressure deficit and crown exposure in tropical forests? (2010) Acta Oecologica, 36, pp. 645-649 Rosado, B.H.P., Oliveira, R.S., Joly, C.A., Aidar, M.P.M., Burgess, S.S.O., Diversity in nighttime transpiration behavior of woody species of the Atlantic Rain Forest, Brazil (2012) Agricultural Forest Meteorology, 158-159, pp. 13-20 Santiago, L.S., Jones, T., Goldstein, G., Physiological variation in Hawaiian Metrosideros polymorpha across a range of habitats: From dry forests to cloud forests (2010) Mountains in the Mist: Science for Conserving and Managing Tropical Montane Cloud Forests, pp. 456-464. , Bruijnzeel LA, Scatena FN, Hamilton JG, Juvik JO, Bubb P, eds. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press Santiago, L.S., Goldstein, G., Meinzer, F.C., Fownes, J.H., Mueller-Dombois, D., Transpiration and forest structure in relation to soil waterlogging in a Hawaiian montane cloud forest (2000) Tree Physiology, 20 (10), pp. 673-681 Scatena, F.N., Bruijnzee, L.L.A., Bubb, P., Das, S., Setting the stage (2010) Tropical Montane Cloud Forests. Science for Conservation and Management, pp. 3-13. , Bruijnzeel LA, Scatena FN, Hamilton LS, eds. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Schlegel, T.K., Schönherr, J., Schreiber, L., Size selectivity of aqueous pores in stomatous cuticles of Vicia faba leaves (2005) Planta, 221 (5), pp. 648-655. , DOI 10.1007/s00425-005-1480-1 Scholl, M., Eugster, W., Burkard, R., Understanding the role of fog in forest hydrology: Stable isotopes as tools for determining input and partitioning of cloud water in montane forests (2010) Hydrological Processes, 25, pp. 353-366 Scholz, F.G., Bucci, S.J., Goldstein, G., Meinzer, F.C., Franco, A.C., Miralles-Wilhelm, F., Removal of nutrient limitations by long-term fertilization decreases nocturnal water loss in savanna trees (2007) Tree Physiology, 27 (4), pp. 551-559 Schönherr, J., Water permeability of isolated cuticular membranes: The effect of pH and cations on diffusion, hydrodynamic permeability and size of polar pores (1976) Planta, 128, pp. 113-126 Schönherr, J., Characterization of aqueous pores in plant cuticles and permeation of ionic solutes (2006) Journal of Experimental Botany, 57, pp. 2471-2491 Schönherr, J., Bukovac, M.J., Penetration of stomata by liquids: Dependence on surface tension, wettability, and stomatal morphology (1972) Plant Physiology, 49, pp. 813-819 Schönherr, J., Lendzian, K., Asimple and inexpensive methodof measuring water permeability of isolated plant cuticular membranes (1981) Zeitschrift für Pflanzenphysiologie, 102, pp. 321-327 Schönherr, J., Riederer, M., Foliar penetration and accumulation of organic chemicals in plant cuticles (1989) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 108, pp. 1-70 Schreiber, L., Effect of temperature on cuticular transpiration of isolated cuticular membranes and leaf discs (2001) Journal of Experimental Botany, 52 (362), pp. 1893-1900 Schreiber, L., Polar paths of diffusion across plant cuticles: New evidence for an old hypothesis (2005) Annals of Botany, 95 (7), pp. 1069-1073. , DOI 10.1093/aob/mci122 Schreiber, L., Riederer, M., Ecophysiology of cuticular transpiration: Comparative investigation of cuticular water permeability of plant species from different habitats (1996) Oecologia, 107 (4), pp. 426-432 Schreiber, L., Skrabs, M., Hartmann, K.D., Diamantopoulos, P., Simanova, E., Santrucek, J., Effect of humidity on cuticular water permeability of isolated cuticular membranes and leaf disks (2001) Planta, 214 (2), pp. 274-282 Sidle, R.C., Ziegler, A.D., Negishi, J.N., Nik, A.R., Siew, R., Turkelboom, F., Erosion processes in steep terrain - Truths, myths, and uncertainties related to forest management in Southeast Asia (2006) Forest Ecology and Management, 224 (1-2), pp. 199-225. , DOI 10.1016/j.foreco.2005.12.019, PII S0378112705007498, Catchment Processes in Southeast Asia Silvertown, J., Dodd, M.E., Gowing, D.J.G., Mountford, J.O., Hydrologically defined niches reveal a basis for species richness in plant communities (1999) Nature, 400 (6739), pp. 61-63. , DOI 10.1038/21877 Simonin, K.A., Santiago, L.S., Dawson, T.E., Fog interception by Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) crowns decouples physiology from soil water deficit (2009) Plant, Cell and Environment, 32, pp. 882-892 Smith, W.K., McClean, T.M., Adaptive relationship between leafwater repellency, stomatal distribution, and gas exchange (1989) American Journal of Botany, 76, pp. 465-469 Snyder, K.A., James, J.J., Richards, J.H., Donovan, L.A., Does hydraulic lift or nighttime transpiration facilitate nitrogen acquisition? (2008) Plant and Soil, 306, pp. 159-166 Still, C.J., Foster, P.N., Schneider, S.H., Simulating the effects of climate change on tropical montane cloud forests (1999) Nature, 398 (6728), pp. 608-610. , DOI 10.1038/19293 Takahashi, M., Giambelluca, T.W., Mudd, R.G., Rainfall partitioning and cloud water interception in native forest and invaded forest in Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park (2010) Hydrological Processes, 25, pp. 448-464 Westhoff, M., Zimmermann, D., Zimmermann, G., Distribution and function of epistomatal mucilage plugs (2009) Protoplasma, 235, pp. 101-105 Webster, G.L., The panorama of Neotropical cloud forests (1995) Biodiversity and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Forests. Neotropical Montane Forest Biodiversity and Conservation Symposium 1, pp. 53-77. , Churchill SP, Balslev H, Forero E, Luteyn JL, eds. New York Botanical Garden Werner, W.L., Canopy dieback in the upper montane rain forests of Sri Lanka (1988) Geo Journal, 17, pp. 245-248 Zotz, G., Tyree, M.T., Patino, S., Carlton, M.R., Hydraulic architecture and water use of selected species from a lower montane forest in Panama (1998) Trees - Structure and Function, 12 (5), pp. 302-309. , DOI 10.1007/s004680050155 Zou, C.B., Barnes, P.W., Archer, S., McMurtry, C.R., Soil moisture redistribution as a mechanism of facilitation in savanna tree-shrub clusters (2005) Oecologia, 145 (1), pp. 32-40. , DOI 10.1007/s00442-005-0110-8