Objective: To evaluate the results of subcostal incisional hernia repair using polypropylene mesh, the technical aspects of musculo-aponeurotic reconstruction, routine fixation of supra-aponeurotic mesh and follow-up for five years. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study that assessed 24 patients undergoing subcostal incisional hernia repair with use of polypropylene mesh; 15 patients (62.5%) were female; ages ranged from 33 to 82, and 79.1% had comorbidities. Results: Early complications: three cases (12.5%) of wound infection, three cases (12.5%) of seroma, one case (4.1%) of hematoma; and one case (4.1%) of wound dehiscence. Late complications occurred in one case (4.1%) of hernia recurrence attributed to technical failure in the fixation of the mesh and in one case (4.1%) of chronic pain. There were no cases of exposure or rejection of the mesh. Conclusion: The subcostal incisional hernia, though not very relevant, requires adequate surgical treatment. Its surgical correction involves rebuilding the muscle-aponeurotic defect, supra-aponeurotic fixation of polypropylene mesh, with less complexity and lower rates of complications and recurrences.4128286Berg, A.A., Surgical treatment of cholelithiasis: A report of the operations for cholelithiasis, in the Service of Dr. A. G. Gerster, at Mount Sinai Hospital, during the five years, 1898-1902 (1903) Ann Surg, 38 (3), pp. 343-358Hughes, K., Selim, N.M., The lateral paramedian: Revisiting a forgotten incision (2009) Am Surg, 75 (4), pp. 321-323Burger, J.W., Van'T Riet, M., Jeekel, J., Abdominal incisions: Techniques and postoperative complications (2002) Scand J Surg, 91 (4), pp. 315-321Chute, R., Baron Jr., J.A., Olsson, C.A., The transverse upper abdominal "chevron" incision in urological surgery (1967) Trans Am Assoc Genitourin Surg, 59, pp. 14-17Donataccio, M., Genco, B., Donataccio, D., Right subcostal incision in liver transplantation: Prospective study of feasibility (2006) Transplant Proc, 38 (4), pp. 1109-1110Piazzese, E., Montalti, R., Beltempo, P., Bertelli, R., Puviani, L., Pacilè, V., Incidence, predisposing factors, and results of surgical treatment of incisional hernia after orthotopic liver transplantation (2004) Transplant Proc, 36 (10), pp. 3097-3098Piardi, T., Audet, M., Panaro, F., Gheza, F., Cag, M., Portolani, N., Incisional hernia repair after liver transplantation: Role of the mesh (2010) Transplant Proc, 42 (4), pp. 1244-1247Gianchandani, R., Moneva, E., Marrero, P., Alonso, M., Palacios, M.J., Del Pino, J.M., Feasibility and effectiveness of laparoscopic incisional hernia repair after liver transplantation (2011) Transplant Proc, 43 (3), pp. 742-744Moreno-Egea, A., Cartagena, J., Vicente, J.P., Carrillo, A., Aguayo, J.L., Laparoscopic incisional hernia repair as a day surgery procedure: Audit of 127 consecutive cases in a university hospital (2008) Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech, 18 (3), pp. 267-271Khambaty, F., Brody, F., Vaziri, K., Edwards, C., Laparoscopic versus single-incision cholecystectomy (2011) World J Surg, 35 (5), pp. 967-972Ros, A., Gustafsson, L., Krook, H., Nordgren, C.E., Thorell, A., Wallin, G., Laparoscopic cholecystectomy versus mini-laparotomy cholecystectomy: A prospective, randomized, single-blind study (2001) Ann Surg, 234 (6), pp. 741-749Israelsson, L.A., Smedberg, S., Montgomery, A., Nordin, P., Spangen, L., Incisional hernia repair in Sweden 2002 (2006) Hernia, 10 (3), pp. 258-261Halm, J.A., Lip, H., Schmitz, P.I., Jeekel, J., Incisional hernia after upper abdominal surgery: A randomised controlled trial of midline versus transverse incision (2009) Hernia, 13 (3), pp. 275-280Lima, J.M., Tratamento cirúrgico das hernias incisionais: Experiência pessoal usando a malha de polipropileno monofilamentar-márlex (2002) Rev Col Bras Cir, 29 (2), pp. 78-82Blomstedt, B., Welin-Berger, T., Incisional hernias. A comparison between midline, oblique and transrectal incisions (1972) Acta Chir Scand, 138 (3), pp. 275-278Peres, M.A.O., Nieri, T.M., Barcelos Neto, H.S., Andreollo, N.A., A técnica de Lichtenstein nas hernias inguinais primárias e recidivas - cirur-gia ambulatorial em hospital universitário (2007) ABCD, Arq Bras Cir Dig, 20 (4), pp. 221-224Utrabo, C.A.L., Czeczko, N.G., Busato, C.R., Montemor-Netto, M.R., Malafaia, O., Dietz, U.A., Comparative study between polypropylene and polypropylene/poliglecaprone meshes used in the correction of abdominal wall defect in rats (2012) Acta Cir Bras, 27 (4), pp. 300-305Moreno-Egea, A., Guzmán, P., Morales, G., Carrillo, A., Aguayo, J.L., Tratamineto de la eventración no medial: Experiencia de una unidad de pared abdominal y revisión de la literatura (2007) Cir Esp, 81 (6), pp. 330-334Burger, J.W., Luijendijk, R.W., Hop, W.C., Halm, J.A., Verdaasdonk, E.G., Jeekel, J., Long-term follow-up of randomized controlled trial of suture versus mesh repair of incisional hernia (2004) Ann Surg, 240 (4), pp. 578-583. , discussion 583-585