Aim: The purpose of this report is to present a case of surgical and prosthetic treatment of a woman with inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) and her evaluation during a six month period. Background: IFH is a benign pathology, prevalent in female patients, and principally associated with ill-fitting prosthetic devices in need of adjustment. It is common for patients to require surgical removal of the hyperplastic tissue and fabrication of a new prosthesis. Case Report: A 55-year-old female with a history of smoking presented with a chief complaint of missing the scheduled adjustment of her maxillary complete denture and the presence of moveable tissue under the denture. Surgical excision of the hyperplastic tissue followed with fixation of the prosthesis for six months to guide the healing of the soft tissue and to reshape the contours of the maxillary supporting tissues. Summary: Surgical removal of hyperplasic soft tissue is a routine procedure, and the fixation of the prosthesis for the support of tissue during healing improves intraoral conditions for the fabrication of a new prosthesis in the future.93135141Tommasi, A.F., Diagnóstico en Patología bucal (1982) São Paulo: Artes Médicas Ltda, , 1st edBassi APF, Vieira EH, Gabrielli MAC. Hiperplasia Fibrosa Inflamatória. R G O. 199846(4):209-11Hiperplasia, K.S., Inflamatória, F., Paulista Odontol, R., (1999), 21 (2). , 40-4Castro MVM, Duarte CA. Remoção cirúrgica de hiperplasia labial induzida por diastema -relato de caso. B C I. 20018(31):46-8Odontogenic cyst and tumors (2002) Oral and maxillofacial patology, pp. 565-617. , Neville B, Damm D, Allen C, Bouquot J, editors, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders;Boldine, R.L., Oral lesions caused by ill-fitting dentures (1969) J Prosthet Dent, 6 (21), pp. 580-588Buchner, A., Calderon, S., Pathologic conditions of the oral mucosa associated with ill-fitting dentures: III Epulis fissiratum and flabby ridge (1979) Isr J Dent Med, 2 (28), pp. 7-13Cooper, E.H., Hyperplasia of the oral tissues caused by ill-fitting dentures (1964) Br Dent J, 2 (116), pp. 111-114Kazanjian, V.H., Surgery as an aid to more efficient service with prosthetic dentures (1935) J Am Dent Assoc, 22, p. 566Coelho, C.M.P., Sousa, Y.T.C.S., Daré, A.M.Z., Denture-related oral mucosal lesions in a Brazilian school of dentistry (2004) J Oral Rehabil, 31, pp. 135-139Fröschl, T., Kerscher, A., The optimal vestibuloplasty in preprosthetic surgery of the mandible (1997) J Canio Maxillofac Surg, 25, pp. 85-90Al-Mahdy, F., Mandibular anterior ridge extension: A modification of the kazanjian vestibuloplasty technique (1997) J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 55, pp. 1057-1059