Central Nervous System Manifestations In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

dc.creatorAppenzeller S.
dc.creatorCostallat L.T.L.
dc.creatorCendes F.
dc.date2007
dc.date2015-06-30T18:52:00Z
dc.date2015-11-26T14:39:08Z
dc.date2015-06-30T18:52:00Z
dc.date2015-11-26T14:39:08Z
dc.date.accessioned2018-03-28T21:44:37Z
dc.date.available2018-03-28T21:44:37Z
dc.identifier
dc.identifierCurrent Rheumatology Reviews. , v. 3, n. 3, p. 205 - 214, 2007.
dc.identifier15733971
dc.identifier10.2174/157339707781387572
dc.identifierhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-34548301097&partnerID=40&md5=0c76a95431e30610d51b4800160eee1b
dc.identifierhttp://www.repositorio.unicamp.br/handle/REPOSIP/105145
dc.identifierhttp://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/105145
dc.identifier2-s2.0-34548301097
dc.identifier.urihttp://repositorioslatinoamericanos.uchile.cl/handle/2250/1249870
dc.descriptionNeurologists and rheumatologist are often called to evaluate central nervous system (CNS) manifestations in patients with suspected or definite systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The manifestations are highly diverse and often have major prognostic consequences. The major difficulties are to determine if the given manifestation is primarily due to SLE activity in the brain, or a consequence of metabolic disturbances, infection, or corticosteroid use. The true incidence of CNS manifestations attributable to SLE is not entirely clear, but several studies show prevalence rate between 15-75%, depending on different methods and classification criteria applied. This paper has the objective to review the main clinical manifestations according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, possible etiological mechanisms and neuroimaging features associated with these manifestations. We further discuss the most important tools that can help bedside diagnosis. © 2007 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
dc.description3
dc.description3
dc.description205
dc.description214
dc.descriptionWest, S.G., Neuropsychiatric lupus (1994) Rheum Dis Clin North Am, 20, pp. 129-158
dc.descriptionHanly, J.G., Walsh, N.M., Sangalang, V., Brain pathology in systemic lupus erythematosus (1992) J Rheumatol, 19, pp. 732-741
dc.descriptionJohnson, R.T., Richardson, E.P., The neurological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (1968) Medicine (Baltimore), 47, pp. 337-369
dc.descriptionHanly, J.G., Neuropsychiatric lupus (2005) Rheum Dis Clin North Am, 31, pp. 273-298
dc.descriptionKozora, E., Arciniegas, D.B., Filley, C.M., Cognition, MRS neurometabolites, and MRI volumetrics in non-neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: Preliminary data (2005) Cogn Behav Neurol, 18, pp. 159-162
dc.descriptionThe American College of Rheumatology nomenclature and case definitions for neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes (1999) Arthritis Rheum, 42, pp. 599-608. , ACR Ad Hoc Committee on Neuropsychiatric Lupus Nomenclature
dc.descriptionTan, E.M., Cohen, A.S., Fries, J.F., The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus (1982) Arthritis Rheum, 25, pp. 1271-1277
dc.descriptionAiniala, H., Hietaharju, A., Loukkola, J., Validity of the new American College of Rheumatology criteria for neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes: A population-based evaluation (2001) Arthritis Rheum, 45, pp. 419-423
dc.descriptionAiniala, H., Loukkola, J., Peltola, J., Korpela, M., Hietaharju, A., The prevalence of neuropsychiatric syndromes in systemic lupus erythematosus (2001) Neurology, 5, pp. 496-500
dc.descriptionBrey, R.L., Holliday, S.L., Saklad, A.R., Neuropsychiatric syndromes in lupus: Prevalence using standardized definitions (2002) Neurology, 58, pp. 1214-1220
dc.descriptionAfeltra, A., Garzia, P., Mitterhofer, A.P., Neuropsychiatric lupus syndromes: Relationship with antiphospholipid antibodies (2003) Neurology, 61, pp. 108-110
dc.descriptionHanly, J.G., Fisk, J.D., McCurdy, G., Fougere, L., Douglas, J.A., Neuropsychiatric syndromes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis (2005) J Rheumatol, 32, pp. 1459-1456
dc.descriptionSanna, G., Bertolaccini, M.L., Cuadrado, M.J., Neuropsychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus: Prevalence and association with antiphospholipid antibodies (2003) J Rheumatol, 30, pp. 985-992
dc.descriptionMok, C.C., Lau, C.S., Wong, R.W., Neuropsychiatric manifestations and their clinical associations in southern Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2001) J Rheumatol, 28, pp. 766-771
dc.descriptionHanly, J.G., McCurdy, G., Fougere, L., Neuropsychiatric events in systemic lupus erythematosus: Attribution and clinical significance (2004) J Rheumatol, 31, pp. 2156-2162
dc.descriptionMikdashi, J., Handwerger, B., Predictors of neuropsychiatric damage in systemic lupus erythematosus: Data from the Maryland lupus cohort (2004) Rheumatology (Oxford), 43, pp. 1555-1560
dc.descriptionRobert, M., Sunitha, R., Thulaseedharan, N.K., Neuropsychiatric manifestations systemic lupus erythematosus: A study from South India (2006) Neurol India, 54, pp. 75-77
dc.descriptionShimojima, Y., Matsuda, M., Gono, T., Ishii, W., Ikeda, S., Relationship between clinical factors and neuropsychiatric manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus (2005) Clin Rheumatol, 24, pp. 469-475
dc.descriptionEstes, D., Christian, C.L., The natural history of systemic lupus erythematosus by prospective analysis (1971) Medicine (Baltimore), 50, pp. 85-95
dc.descriptionFeng, P.H., Cheah, P.S., Lee, Y.K., Mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus: A 10-year review (1973) Br Med J, 4 (5895), pp. 772-774
dc.descriptionCheatum, D.E., Hurd, E.R., Strunk, S.W., Ziff, M., Renal histology and clinical course of systemic lupus erythematosus. A prospective study (1973) Arthritis Rheum, 16, pp. 670-676
dc.descriptionLee, P., Urowitz, M.B., Bookman, A.A., Systemic lupus erythematosus. A review of 110 cases with reference to nephritis, the nervous system, infections, aseptic necrosis and prognosis (1977) Q J Med, 46, pp. 1-32
dc.descriptionGinzler, E.M., Diamond, H.S., Weiner, M., A multicenter study of outcome in systemic lupus erythematosus. I. Entry variables as predictors of prognosis (1982) Arthritis Rheum, 25, pp. 601-611
dc.descriptionSibley, J.T., Olszynski, W.P., Decoteau, W.E., Sundaram, M.B., The incidence and prognosis of central nervous system disease in systemic lupus erythematosus (1992) J Rheumatol, 19, pp. 47-52
dc.descriptionSergent, J.S., Lockshin, M.D., Klempner, M.S., Lipsky, B.A., Central nervous system disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. Therapy and prognosis (1975) Am J Med, 58, pp. 644-654
dc.descriptionFeinglass, E.J., Arnett, F.C., Dorsch, C.A., Zizic, T.M., Stevens, M.B., Neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: Diagnosis, clinical spectrum, and relationship to other features of the disease (1976) Medicine (Baltimore), 55, pp. 323-339
dc.descriptionKovacs, J.A., Urowitz, M.B., Gladman, D.D., Dilemmas in neuropsychiatric lupus (1993) Rheum Dis Clin North Am, 19, pp. 795-814
dc.descriptionJonsen, A., Bengston, A.A., Nived, O., Rayberg, B., Sturfelt, G., Outcome of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus within a defined Swedish population: Increased morbidity but low mortality (2002) Rheumatology, 41, pp. 1308-1312
dc.descriptionCarlomagno, S., Migliaresi, S., Ambrosone, L., Sannino, M., Sanges, G., Di Iorio, G., Cognitive impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus: A follow-up study (2000) J Neurol, 247, pp. 273-279
dc.descriptionKarassa, F.B., Ioannidis, J.P., Boki, K.A., Predictors of clinical outcome and radiologic progression in patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (2000) Am J Med, 109, pp. 628-634
dc.descriptionAppenzeller, S., Carnevalle, A.D., Li, L.M., Costallat, L.T., Cendes, F., Hippocampal atrophy in Systemic lupus erythematosus (2006) Ann Rheum Dis, 65, pp. 1585-1589
dc.descriptionHanly, J.G., Fisk, J.D., Sherwood, G., Eastwood, B., Clinical course of cognitive dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus (1994) J Rheumatol, 2, pp. 1825-1831
dc.descriptionHay, E.M., Huddy, A., Black, D., A prospective study of psychiatric disorder and cognitive function in systemic lupus erythematosus (1994) Ann Rheum Dis, 53, pp. 298-303
dc.descriptionWaterloo, K., Omdal, R., Husby, G., Mellgren, S.I., Neuropsychological function in systemic lupus erythematosus: A five-year longitudinal study (2002) Rheumatology (Oxford), 41, pp. 411-415
dc.descriptionBrooks, W.K., Jung, R.E., Ford, C.C., Relationship between neurometabolite derangement and neurocognitive dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus (1999) J Rheumatol, 26, pp. 81-85
dc.descriptionAppenzeller, S., Li, L.M., Costallat, L.T., Cendes, F., Evidence of reversible axonal dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus: A proton MRS study (2005) Brain, 128, pp. 2933-2940
dc.descriptionHanly, J.G., Harrison, M.J., Management of neuropsychiatric lupus (2005) Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol, 19, pp. 799-821
dc.descriptionDevinsky, O., Petito, C.K., Alonso, D.R., Clinical and neuropathological findings in systemic lupus erythematosus: The role of vasculitis, heart emboli, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (1988) Ann Neurol, 23, pp. 380-384
dc.descriptionEllis, S.G., Verity, M.A., Central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: A review of neuropathologic findings in 57 cases, 1955-1977 (1979) Sem Arthritis Rheum, 8, pp. 212-221
dc.descriptionZvaifler, N.J., Bludstein, H.G., The pathogenesis of central nervous system manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (1982) Arthritis Rheum, 25, pp. 862-866
dc.descriptionJohnson, R.T., Richardson, E.P., The neurological manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (1968) Medicine (Baltimore), 47, pp. 337-369
dc.descriptionAbbott, N.J., Mendonca, L.L., Dolman, D.E., The blood-brain barrier in systemic lupus erythematosus (2003) Lupus, 12, pp. 908-915
dc.descriptionKarpiak, S.E., Graf, L., Rapport, M.M., Antiserum to brain gangliosides produces recurrent epileptiform activity (1976) Science, 194, pp. 735-737
dc.descriptionKobiler, D., Allweis, C., The effect of antisynaptosomal plasma membrane antibodies on memory (1976) Brain Res, 115, pp. 129-138
dc.descriptionMorris, R.G., Anderson, E., Lynch, G.S., Baudry, M., Selective impairment of learning and blockade of long-term potentiation by an Nmethyl- D-aspartate receptor antagonist, AP5 (1986) Nature, 319, pp. 774-776
dc.descriptionAkbarian, S., Sucher, N.J., Bradley, D., Selective alterations in gene expression for NMDA receptor subunits in prefrontal cortex of schizophrenics (1996) J Neurosci, 16, pp. 19-30
dc.descriptionTeh, L.S., Isenberg, D.A., Antiribosomal P protein antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. A reappraisal (1994) Arthritis Rheum, 37, pp. 307-315
dc.descriptionArnett, F.C., Reveille, J.D., Moutsopoulos, H.M., Georgescu, L., Elkon, K.B., Ribosomal P autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Frequencies in different ethnic groups and clinical and immunogenetic associations (1996) Arthritis Rheum, 39, pp. 1833-1839
dc.descriptionBonfa, E., Golombek, S.J., Kaufman, L.D., Association between lupus psychosis and anti-ribosomal P protein antibodies (1987) N Engl J Med, 317, pp. 265-271
dc.descriptionKarassa, F.B., Afeltra, A., Ambrozic, A., Accuracy of antiribosomal P protein antibody testing for the diagnosis of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: An international meta-analysis (2006) Arthritis Rheum, 54, pp. 312-324
dc.descriptionTzioufas, A.G., Tzortzakis, N.G., Panou-Pomonis, E., The clinical relevance of antibodies to ribosomal-P common epitope in two targeted systemic lupus erythematosus populations: A large cohort of consecutive patients and patients with active central nervous system disease (2000) Ann Rheum Dis, 59, pp. 99-104
dc.descriptionGerli, R., Caponi, L., Tincani, A., Clinical and serological associations of ribosomal P autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus: Prospective evaluation in a large cohort of Italian patients (2002) Rheumatology (Oxford), 41, pp. 1357-1366
dc.descriptionHanly, J.G., Antiphospholipid syndrome: An overview (2003) CMAJ, 168, pp. 1675-1682
dc.descriptionGerli, R., Caponi, L., Tincani, A., Clinical and serological associations of ribosomal P autoantibodies in systemic lupus reythematosus: Prospective evaluation in a large cohort of Italian patients (2002) Rheumatology (Oxford), 41, pp. 1357-1366
dc.descriptionLove, P.E., Santoro, S.A., Antiphospholipid antibodies: Anticardiolipin and the lupus anticoagulant in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in non-SLE disorders. Prevalence and clinical significance (1990) Ann Intern Med, 112, pp. 682-698
dc.descriptionMenon, S., Jameson-Shortall, E., Newman, S.P., Hall-Craggs, M.R., Chinn, R., Isenberg, D.A., A longitudinal study of anticardiolipin antibody levels and cognitive functioning in systemic lupus erythematosus (1999) Arthritis Rheum, 42, pp. 735-741
dc.descriptionChapman, J., Cohen-Armon, M., Shoenfeld, Y., Korczyn, A.D., Antiphospholipid antibodies permeabilize and depolarize brain synaptoneurosomes (1999) Lupus, 8, pp. 127-133
dc.descriptionAppenzeller, S., Zeller, C.B., Annichino-Bizzachi, J.M., Cerebral venous thrombosis: Influence of risk factors and imaging findings on prognosis (2005) Clinical Neurol and Neurourg, 107, pp. 371-378
dc.descriptionConti, F., Alessandri, C., Bompane, D., Autoantibody profile in systemic lupus erythematosus with psychiatric manifestations: A role for antiendothelial-cell Abs (2004) Arthritis Res Ther, 6, pp. R366-R372
dc.descriptionSong, J., Park, Y.B., Lee, W.K., Lee, K.H., Lee, S.K., Clinical associations of anti-endothelial cell Abs in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2000) Rheumatol Int, 20, pp. 1-7
dc.descriptionSchenatto, C.B., Xavier, R.M., Bredemeier, M., Raised serum S100B protein levels in neuropsychiatric lupus (2006) Ann Rheum Dis, 65, pp. 829-831
dc.descriptionHirohata, S., Miyamoto, T., Elevated levels of interleukin-6 in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and central nervous system involvement (1990) Arthritis Rheum, 33, pp. 644-649
dc.descriptionJara, L.J., Irigoyen, L., Ortiz, M.J., Zazueta, B., Bravo, G., Espinoza, L.R., Prolactin and interleukin-6 in neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus (1998) Clin Rheumatol, 17, pp. 110-114
dc.descriptionTrysberg, E., Carlsten, H., Tarkowski, A., Intrathecal cytokines in systemic lupus crythematosus with central nervous system involvement (2000) Lupus, 9, pp. 498-503
dc.descriptionShiozawa, S., Kuroki, Y., Kim, M., Hirohata, S., Ogino, T., Interferon-alpha in lupus psychosis (1992) Arthritis Rheum, 35, pp. 417-422
dc.descriptionFaber-Elmann, A., Sthoeger, Z., Tcherniack, A., Dayan, M., Mozes, E., Activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 is elevated in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (2002) Clin Exp Immunol, 127, pp. 393-398
dc.descriptionAiniala, H., Hietaharju, A., Dastidar, P., Increased serum matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations and brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities (2004) Arthritis Rheum, 50, pp. 858-865
dc.descriptionSmall, P., Mass, M.F., Kohler, P.F., Harbeck, R.J., Central nervous system involvement in SLE. Diagnostic profile and clinical features (1977) Arthritis Rheum, 20, pp. 869-878
dc.descriptionTrysberg, E., Nylen, K., Rosengren, L.E., Tarkowski, A., Neuronal and astrocytic damage in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with central nervous system involvement (2003) Arthritis Rheum, 48, pp. 2881-2887
dc.descriptionAppenzeller, S., Rondina, J.M., Li, L.M., Costallat, L.T., Cendes, F., Cerebral and corpus callosum atrophy in systemic lupus erythematosus (2005) Arthritis Rheum, 52, pp. 2783-2789
dc.descriptionMcCune, W.J., MacGuirre, A., Aisen, A., Gebarski, S., Identification of brain lesions in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus by magnetic resonance scanning (1988) Arthritis Rheum, 31, pp. 159-166
dc.descriptionRovaris, M., Viti, B., Ciboddo, G., Brain involvement in systemic immune mediated diseases: Magnetic resonance and magnetisation transfer imaging study (2000) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 68, pp. 170-177
dc.descriptionSibbitt Jr, W.L., Schmidt, P.J., Hart, B.L., Brooks, W.M., Fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (2003) J Rheumatol, 30, pp. 1983-1989
dc.descriptionCotton, F., Bouffard-Vercelli, J., Hermier, M., MRI of central nervous system in a series of 58 systemic lupus crythematosus (SLE) patients with or without overt neuropsychiatric manifestations (2004) Rev Med Interne, 25, pp. 8-15
dc.descriptionPeterson, P.L., Howe, F.A., Clark, C.A., Axford, J.S., Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in neuropsychistric systemic lupus erythematosus (2003) Lupus, 12, pp. 897-902
dc.descriptionGraham, J.W., Jan, W., MRI and the brain in systemic lupus erythematosus (2003) Lupus, 12, pp. 891-896
dc.descriptionCsepany, T., Bereczki, D., Kollar, J., Sikula, J., Kiss, E., Csiba, L., MRI findings in central nervous system systemic lupus erythematosus are associated with immunoserological parameters and hypertension (2003) J Neurol, 250, pp. 1348-1354
dc.descriptionJennings, J.E., Sundgren, P.C., Attwood, J., McCune, J., Maly, P., Value of MRI of the brain in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and neurologic disturbance (2004) Neuroradiology, 46, pp. 15-21
dc.descriptionOku, K., Atsumi, T., Furukawa, S., Cerebral imaging by magnetic resonance imaging and single photon emission computed tomography in systemic lupus erythematosus with central nervous system involvement (2003) Rheumatology (Oxford), 12, pp. 773-777
dc.descriptionHolliday, S.L., Navarrete, M.G., Hermosillo-Romo, D., Valdez, C.R., Saklad, A.R., Escalante, A., Brey, R.L., Validating a computerized neuropsychological test battery for mixed ethnic lupus patients (2003) Lupus, 12, pp. 697-703
dc.descriptionSteens, S.C., Admiraal-Behloul, F., Bosma, G.P., Selective gray matter damage in neuropsychiatric lupus (2004) Arthritis Rheum, 50, pp. 2877-2881
dc.descriptionVermeer, S.E., Priens, N.D., den Heijer, T., Hofman, A., Koudstaal, P.J., Breteler, M.B., Silent brain infarcts and the risk of dementia and cognitive decline (2003) N Engl J Med, 348, pp. 1215-1222
dc.descriptionBosma, G.P., Rood, M.J., Huizinga, T.W., do Jong, B.A., Bollen, E.L., van Buchem, M.A., Detection of cerebral involvement in patients with active neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus by the use of volumetric magnetization transfer imaging (2000) Arthritis Rheum, 43, pp. 2428-2436
dc.descriptionBosma, G.P., Rood, M.J., Zwinderman, A.H., Huizinga, T.W., van Buchem, M.A., Evidence of central nervous system damage in patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus, demonstrated by magnetization transfer imaging (2000) Arthritis Rheum, 43, pp. 48-54
dc.descriptionMoritani, T., Shrier, D.A., Numaguchi, Y., Diffusion-weighted echo-planar MR imaging of CNS involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (2001) Acad Radiol, 8, pp. 741-753
dc.descriptionDemaerel, P., De Ruyter, N., Maes, F., Velghe, B., Wilms, G., Magnetic resonance angiography in suspected cerebral vasculitis (2004) Eur Radiol, 14, pp. 1005-1012
dc.descriptionHanly, J.G., Single photon emission computed tomography scanning in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (1998) J Rheumatol, 25, pp. 401-403
dc.descriptionNossent, J.C., Hovestadt, A., Schonfeld, D.H., Swaak, A.J., Single photon-emission computed tomography of the brain in the evaluation of cerebral lupus (1991) Arthritis Rheum, 34, pp. 1397-1403
dc.descriptionRubbert, A., Marienhagen, J., Pirner, K., Single-photon emission computed tomography analysis of cerebral blood flow in the evaluation of central nervous system involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (1993) Arthritis Rheum, 36, pp. 1253-1262
dc.descriptionRogers, M.P., Waterhouse, E., Negel, J.S., 1-13 iofetamine SPECT scan in systemic lupus erythematousus with cognitive and other minor neuropsychiatric symptoms: A pilot study (1992) Lupus, pp. 215-219
dc.descriptionKovacs, J.A., Urowitz, M.B., Gjadman, D.D., Zeman, R., The use of single photon emission computerized tomography in neguropsychiatric SLE: A pilot study (1995) J Rheumatol, 22, pp. 1247-1253
dc.descriptionSabet, A., Sibbitt Jr, W.L., Stidley, C.A., Danska, J., Brooks, W.M., Neurometabolite markers of cerebral injury in die antiphospholipid antibody syndrome of systemic lupus erythematosus (1998) Stroke, 29, pp. 2254-2260
dc.descriptionde Certaines, J.D., Bovee, W.M.M.J., Podo, F., (1992) Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in biology and medicine: Functional and pathological tissue characterization, , New York: Pergamon Press
dc.descriptionRudkin, T.M., Arnold, D.L., Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for the diagnosis and management of cerebral disorders (1999) Arch Neurol, 56, pp. 919-926
dc.descriptionDenburg, S.D., Carbotte, R.M., Denburg, J.A., Corticosteroids and neuropsychological functioning in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (1994) Arthritis Rheum, 37, pp. 1311-1320
dc.descriptionBarile, L., Lavalle, C., Transverse myelitis in systemic lupus erythematosus - the effect of IV pulse methylprednisolone and cyclophosphamide (1992) J Rheumatol, 19, pp. 370-372
dc.descriptionEyanson, S., Passo, M.H., Aldo-Benson, M.A., Benson, M.D., Methylprednisolone pulse therapy for nonrenal lupus erythematosus (1980) Ann Rheum Dis, 39, pp. 377-380
dc.descriptionMok, C.C., Lau, C.S., Wong, R.W., Treatment of lupus psychosis with oral cyclophosphamide followed by azathioprine maintenance: An open-label study (2003) Am J Med, 115, pp. 59-62
dc.descriptionBarile-Fabris, L., Ariza-Andraca, R., Olguin-Ortega, L., Controlled clinical trial of IV cyclophosphamide versus IV methylprednisolone in severe neurological manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus (2005) Ann Rheum Dis, 64, pp. 620-625
dc.descriptionLeung, F.K., Fortin, P.R., Intravenous cyclophosphamide and high dose corticosteroids improve MRI lesions in demyelinating syndrome in systemic lupus erythematosus (2003) J Rheumatol, 30, pp. 1871-1873
dc.descriptionBoumpas, D.T., Yamada, H., Patronas, N.J., Scott, D., Klippel, J.H., Balow, J.E., Pulse cyclophosphamide for severe neuropsychiatric lupus (1991) Q J Med, 81 (296), pp. 975-984
dc.descriptionNeuwelt, C.M., Lacks, S., Kaye, B.F., Ellman, J.B., Borenstein, D.G., Role of intravenous cyclophosphamide in the treatment of severe neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (1995) Am J Med, 98, pp. 32-41
dc.descriptionRamos, P.C., Mendez, M.J., Ames, P.R., Khamashta, M.A., Hughes, G.R., Pulse cyclophosphamide in the treatment of neumpsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (1996) Clin Exp Rheumatol, 14, pp. 295-299
dc.descriptionMok, C.C., Lau, C.S., Chan, E.Y., Wong, R.W., Acute transverse myelopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus: Clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome (1998) J Rheumatol, 25, pp. 467-473
dc.descriptionGalindo-Rodriguez, G., Avina-Zubieta, J.A., Pizarro, S., Cyclophosphamide pulse therapy in optic neuritis due to systemic lupus erythematosus: An open trial (1999) Am J Med, 106, pp. 65-69
dc.descriptionMcCune, W.J., Golbus, J., Zeldes, W., Bohlke, P., Dunne, R., Fox, D.A., Clinical and immunologic effects of monthly administration of intravenous cyclophosphamide in severe systemic lupus erythematosus (1988) N Engl J Med, 318, pp. 1423-1431
dc.descriptionKhamashta, M.A., Cuadrado, M.J., Mujic, F., Taub, N.A., Hunt, B.J., Hughes, G.R., The management of thrombosis in the antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome (1995) N Engl J Med, 332, pp. 993-997
dc.descriptionCrowther, M.A., Ginsberg, J.S., Julian, J., A comparison of two intensities of warfarin for the prevention of recurrent thrombosis in patients with the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (2003) N Engl J Med, 349, pp. 1133-1138
dc.descriptionCuadrado, M.J., Khamashta, M.A., Ballesteros, A., Godfrey, T., Simon, M.J., Hughes, G.R.V., Can neurologic manifestations of Hughes (antiphospholipid) syndrome be distinguished from multiple sclerosis? Analysis of 27 patients and review of the literature (2000) Medicine (Baltimore), 79, pp. 57-68
dc.descriptionSanna, G., Bertolaccini, M.L., Mathieu, A., Central nervous system lupus: A clinical approach to theraphy (2003) Lupus, 12, pp. 935-942
dc.descriptionBaca, V., Lavalle, C., Garcia, R., Favorable responce to intravenous methylpronisolone and cyclophospharride in children with severe neuropsychiatric lupus (1999) J Rheumatol, 26, pp. 432-439
dc.descriptionHarisdangkul, V., Doorenbos, D., Subramony, S.H., Lupus transverse myelopathy: Better outcome with early recognition and aggressive highdose-intravenous corticosteroid pulse treatment (1995) J Neurol, 242, pp. 326-331
dc.descriptionChatham, W.W., Kimberley, R.P., Treatment of lupus with corticoster oids (2001) Lupus, 10, pp. 140-147
dc.descriptionFunauohi, M., Ohno, M., Nozaki, Y., Sugiyama, M., Kinoshita, K., Kanamaru, A., Intrathecal corticosteroids for systemic lupus erythematosus with central nervous system involvement (2003) J Rheumatol, 30, pp. 207-208
dc.descriptionPropper, D.J., Bucknall, R.C., Acute transverse myelopathy complicating systemic lupus erythematosus (1989) Ann Rheum Dis, 48, pp. 512-515
dc.descriptionBoumpas, D.T., Yamada, H., Patronas, N.J., Scott, D., Klippel, J.H., Balow, J.E., Pulse cyclophosphamide for severe neuropsychiatric lupus (1991) Q J Med, 81, pp. 975-984
dc.descriptionTakada, K., Illei, G.G., Boumpas, D.T., Cyclophosphamide for the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (2001) Lupus, 10, pp. 154-161
dc.descriptionTrevisani, V.F., Castro, A.A., Neves Neto, J.F., Atallah, A.N., Cyclophosphamide versus methylprednisolone for the treatment of neuropsychiatric involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (2000) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, , CD002265
dc.descriptionSakic, B., Kolb, B., Whishaw, I.Q., Gorny, G., Szechtman, H., Denburg, J.A., Immunosuppression prevents neuronal atrophy in lupus-prone mice: Evidence for brain damage induced by autoinimune disease? (2000) J Neuroimmunol, 111, pp. 93-101
dc.descriptionFarrell, M., Sakic, B., Szechtman, H., Denburg, J.A., Effect of cyclophosphamide on leukocytic in Itration in the brain ofMRL/1pr mice (1997) Lupus, 6, pp. 268-274
dc.descriptionSakic, B., Szechtman, H., Denburg, S.D., Denburg, J.A., Immunosuppressive treatment prevents behavioral de. cit in autoimmune MRL-1pr mice (1995) Physiol Behav, 58, pp. 797-802
dc.descriptionSchroeder, J.O., Euler, H.H., Treatment combining plasmapheresis and pulse cyclophosphamide in severe systemic lupus erythematosus (1989) Adv Exp Med Biol, 260, pp. 203-213
dc.descriptionKazatchkine, M.D., Kaveri, S.V., Immunomodulation of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases with intravenous immune globulin (2001) N Engl J Med, 345, pp. 747-755
dc.descriptionHughes, R.A., Raphael, J.C., Swan, A.V., van Doorn, P.A., Intravenous immunoglobulin for Guillain-Barre syndrome (2001) Cochrane Database Syst Rev, , CD002063
dc.descriptionSherer, Y., Levy, Y., Langevitz, P., Lorber, M., Fabrizzi, F., Shoenfeld, Y., Successful treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus cerebritis with intravenous immunoglobulin (1999) Clin Rheumatol, 18, pp. 170-173
dc.descriptionTomer, Y., Shoenfeld, Y., Successful treatment of psychosis secondary to SLE with high dose intravenous immunoglobulin (1992) Clin Exp Rheumatol, 10, pp. 391-393
dc.descriptionValesini, G., Priori, R., Francia, A., Central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: A new therapeutic approach with intrathecal dexamethasone and methotrexate (1994) Springer Semin Immunopathol, 16, pp. 313-321
dc.descriptionDong, Y., Zhang, X., Tang, F., Tian, X., Zhao, Y., Zhang, F., Intrathecal injection with methotrexate plus dexamethasone in the treatment of central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (2001) Chin Med J (Engl), 114, pp. 764-766
dc.descriptionHay, E.M., Psychiatric disorder and cognitive impairment in SLE (1994) Lupus, 3, pp. 145-148
dc.descriptionSchantz, V., Oestergaard, L.L., Junker, P., Shrinking spinal cord following transverse myelopathy in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and the phospholipid antibody syndrome (1998) J Rheumatol, 25, pp. 1425-1428
dc.descriptionMoore, P.M., Isenberg, D., Therapy of neuro-psychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (1997) Rheumatol Europe, 26, pp. 36-39
dc.descriptionGrisanti, M., Nader, A., Cacciuttolo, R., Central nervous system involvement due to systemic lupus erythematosus/antiphospholipid syndrome: Successful treatment with mycophenolate-mofetil (2001) Lupus, 10, pp. S31
dc.descriptionMathieu, A., Sanna, G., Mameli, A., Sustained normalization of cerebral blood-flow after iloprost therapy in a patient with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (2002) Lupus, 11, pp. 52-56
dc.descriptionAppenzeller, S., Costallat, L.T., Clinical implications of migraine in systemic lupus erythematosus: Relation to cumulative organ damage (2004) Cephalalgia, 24, pp. 1024-1030
dc.descriptionAppenzeller, S., Cendes, F., Costallat, L.T., Epileptic seizures in systemic lupus erythematosus (2004) Neurology, 63, pp. 1808-1812
dc.descriptionCimaz, R., Meroni, P.L., Shoenfeld, Y., Epilepsy as part of systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic and phospholipid syndrome (Hughes syndrome) (2006) Lupus, 15, pp. 191-197
dc.descriptionD'Cruz, D.P., Mellor-Pita, S., Joven, B., Transverse myelitis as the first manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus or lupus-like disease: Good functional outcome and relevance of antiphospholipid antibodies (2004) J Rheumatol, 31 (2), pp. 280-285
dc.languageen
dc.publisher
dc.relationCurrent Rheumatology Reviews
dc.rightsfechado
dc.sourceScopus
dc.titleCentral Nervous System Manifestations In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
dc.typeArtículos de revistas


Este ítem pertenece a la siguiente institución