The technology internationalization process of multinational companies (MNCs) is characterized by the growing decentralization of this activity to other countries, including developing ones. Within this process, world competition for foreign direct investment (FDI) in research and development (R&D) has been increasing in the last few years. Consequently, to attract this kind of FDI national policies and their instruments have become ubiquitous. For a country to succeed in its quest for FDI, its policies need to be consistent and articulated encompassing measures that influence and promote all the determining factors of FDI in R&D, i.e. supply of qualified professionals, adequate infrastructure, favorable laws and regulations, etc. This means that a FDI policy cannot be restricted only to fiscal incentives and grants. The aim of this paper consists in identifying and analyzing Chinese, Indian and Brazilian policy measures, to offer a better understanding about how they affect the attraction and promotion of FDI in R&D, as well as their differences and similarities. The analysis shows that despite the flaws still presented in both Chinese and Indian economic and technological systems, they have been implementing a more articulated and consistent set of policies, thus attracting FDI in R&D from all over the world. However, Brazilian policies seem to be less articulated and still based on the concession of fiscal incentives to attract this kind of FDI.213419435Associação Nacional de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Engenharia das Empresas Inovadoras (2004) Como Alavancar a Inovação Tecnológica Nas Empresas, , ANPEI São PauloBasu, I., India noses ahead as R&D center (2003) Asia Times on Line(2004), BEABenedicta, S., Telecom R&D: Destination India (2004) BSLN Telecom(2005), BCBBowonder, B., (2001)Education, science & technology, basic statistics on S&T activities (2004) China Statistical Yearbook, , China Statistical Yearbook National Bureau of Statistics of China, ChinaDestination India for R&D (2001) Express Computer - The IT Business Weekly, , Express ComputerDosi, G., Institutions and market in a dynamic world (1988) The Manchester School of Economic and Social Studies, 56 (2), pp. 119-146(2003), DSIRScattering the seeds of invention: The globalization of research and development (2004) The Economist, , Economist Intelligence UnitHP Brasil investe na ampliação de fábrica no RS (2004) Gazeta Mercantil, , Gazeta MercantilGomes, R., (2003), IE-UNICAMP, CampinasGuimarães, E.A., (1993), UFRJ-IE(2002), IEDI São Paulo(2006), IMF IMFKripalani, M., Engardio, P., The rise of India (2003) Bussiness Week On Line(2006), MCTAdvantages and characteristics of state economic and technological development zones (2003) Invest in China, , MofCom Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM), BeijingChina's absorption of foreign investment (2005) Invest in China, , MofComMytelka, L.K., Barclay, L.A., (2004), UNU-IntechOman, C., (1999), Development Centre Studies, OECD, ParisPacheco, C.A., (2003), CEPALPearce, R., (1989) The Internationalisation of Research and Development By Multinational Enterprises, , MacMillan, LondonPossas, M.L., Competitividade: Fatores sistêmicos e política industrial. Implicações para o Brasil (1996) Estratégias Empresariais Na Indústria Brasileira: Discutindo Mudanças, , Forense Universitária, Rio de JaneiroStal, E., Empresas transnacionais no Brasil e a descentralização das atividades de pesquisa e desenvolvimento (2002), Salvador, BahiaSuzigan, W., Furtado, J., (2005), CEDEPLAR/UFMG(1996) Investment, Trade and International Policy Agreements. World Investment Report, , UNCTAD United Nations, Geneva(2005) World Investment Report 2005: Transnational Corporations and the Internationalization of R&D, , UNCTAD United Nations, Geneva(2004), UNCTAD Trade and Development BoardVenkitaramanam, S., (2000)Walsh, K., (2003), The Henry L. Stimson CenterWei, Y., (2003) Foreign Direct Investment in China, , Lancaster Economics Working Paper