Artículos de revistas
Comparison Between Anaerobic Threshold Determined By Ventilatory Variables And Blood Lactate Response In Cyclists [comparação Entre Limiar Anaeróbio Determinado Por Variáveis Ventilatórias E Pela Resposta Do Lactato Sanguíneo Em Ciclistas]
Registro en:
Revista Brasileira De Medicina Do Esporte. , v. 12, n. 1, p. 34e - 38e, 2006.
15178692
2-s2.0-34248591632
Autor
Okano A.H.
Altimari L.R.
Simoes H.G.
De Moraes A.C.
Nakamura F.Y.
Cyrino E.S.
Burini R.C.
Institución
Resumen
Many investigations have shown that the coincidence between the ventilatory thresholds and those thresholds using the lactate response does not happen all of the time, suggesting that there is no relationship between the cause-effect between these phenomena. Thus, the present study had as main purpose to compare and correlate the Oxygen consumption (V̇O2), the power (W), and the heart rate (HR) values attained using protocols to determine the Ventilatory Threshold (VT) and the Individual Anaerobic Threshold (IAT). The sampling was constituted by eight State and National level cyclists (age: 27.88 ± 8.77 years; body mass: 65.19 ± 4.40 kg; height: 169.31 ± 5,77 cm). The IAT was determined starting from a three minutes 50 W warm up with progressive increases of 50 W.3min-1 up to achieving the voluntary exhaustion, when the blood was collected in the last 20 seconds of each phase, and during the recovering period. In order to determine the VT, it was used the same protocol used to determine the IAT, but without performing the blood collection. The VT was identified through the changes in the pulmonary ventilation, as well as of the ventilatory equivalent of the O2 and CO2. The t-Student test showed no significant statistical difference in any of the attained variables. The associations found were high and significant. The V̇O2 (ml.kg-1.min.-1), P (W), and HR (bpm) corresponding to the VT and IAT, as well as the associations between variables were respectively: 48.00 ± 3.82 vs. 48.08 ± 3.71 (r = 0.90); 256.25 ± 32.04 vs. 246.88 ± 33.91 (r = 0.84); 173.75 ± 9.18 vs. 171.25 ± 12.02 (r = 0.97). According to the results attained, it can be concluded that the IAT and the VT produce similar V̇O2, W, and HR values, favoring the adoption of the VT because it is a non-invasive method to determine the anaerobic threshold in cyclists. 12 1 34e 38e Jacobs, I., Blood lactate. Implications for training and sports performance (1986) Sports Med, 3, pp. 10-25 Kindermann, W., Simon, G., Keul, J., The significance of the aerobic-anaerobic transition for the determination of work load intensities during endurance training (1979) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 42, pp. 25-34 Meyer, T., Gabriel, H.H., Kindermann, W., Is determination of exercise intensities as percentages of V̇O2max or HRmax adequate? (1999) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 31, pp. 1342-1345 Keith, S.P., Jacobs, I., McLellan, T.M., Adaptations to training at the individual anaerobic threshold (1992) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 65, pp. 316-323 Gaskill, S.E., Walker, A.J., Serfass, R.A., Bouchard, C., Gagnon, J., Rao, D.C., Changes in ventilatory threshold with exercise training in a sedentary population: The Heritage Family Study (2001) Int J Sports Med, 22, pp. 586-592 Coyle, E.F., Integration of the physiological factors determining endurance performance ability (1995) Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 23, pp. 25-63 Coyle, E.F., Feltner, M.E., Kautz, S.A., Hamilton, M.T., Montain, S.J., Baylor, A.M., Physiological and biomechanical factors associated with elite endurance cycling performance (1991) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 23, pp. 93-107 Roecker, K., Schotte, O., Niess, A.M., Horstmann, T., Dickhuth, H.H., Predicting competition performance in long-distance running by means of a treadmill test (1998) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 30, pp. 1552-1557 Wasserman, K., McIlroy, M.B., Detecting the threshold of anaerobic metabolism in cardiac patients during exercise (1964) Am J Cardiol, 14, pp. 844-852 Heck, H., Mader, A., Hess, G., Mucke, S., Muller, R., Hollmann, W., Justification of the 4-mmol/l lactate threshold (1985) Int J Sports Med, 6, pp. 117-130 McLellan, T.M., Ventilatory and plasma lactate response with different exercise protocols: A comparison of methods (1985) Int J Sports Med, 6, pp. 30-35 Mader, A., Liesen, H., Heck, H., Philippi, H., Schürch, P.M., Hollmann, W., Zur beurteilung der sportartspezifischen Ausdauerleinstungsfähigkeit im Labor (1976) Sportarzt Sportmed, 26, pp. 109-112 Mader, A., Liesen, H., Heck, H., Philippi, H., Schürch, P.M., Hollmann, W., Zur beurteilung der sportartspezifischen Ausdauerleinstungsfähigkeit im Labor (1976) Sportarzt Sportmed, 24, pp. 80-88 Sjodin, B., Jacobs, I., Onset of blood lactate accumulation and marathon running performance (1981) Int J Sports Med, 2, pp. 23-26 Hollmann, W., Historical remarks on the development of the aerobic-anaerobic threshold up to 1966 (1985) Int J Sports Med, 6, pp. 109-116 Stegmann, H., Kindermann, W., Schnabel, A., Lactate kinetics and individual anaerobic threshold (1981) Int J Sports Med, 2, pp. 160-165 Coen, B., Schwarz, L., Urhausen, A., Kindermann, W., Control of training in middle-and long-distance running by means of the individual anaerobic threshold (1991) Int J Sports Med, 12, pp. 519-524 McLellan, T.M., Cheung, K.S., Jacobs, I., Incremental test protocol, recovery mode and the individual anaerobic threshold (1991) Int J Sports Med, 12, pp. 190-195 McLellan, T.M., Cheung, K.S., A comparative evaluation of the individual anaerobic threshold and the critical power (1992) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 24, pp. 543-550 Urhausen, A., Coen, B., Weiler, B., Kindermann, W., Individual anaerobic threshold and maximum lactate steady state (1993) Int J Sports Med, 14, pp. 134-139 Urhausen, A., Weiler, B., Coen, B., Kindermann, W., Plasma catecholamines during endurance exercise of different intensities as related to the individual anaerobic threshold (1994) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 69, pp. 16-20 Beneke, R., Anaerobic threshold, individual anaerobic threshold, and maximal lactate steady state in rowing (1995) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 27, pp. 863-867 Bourgois, J., Vrijens, J., Metabolic and cardiorespiratory responses in young oarsmen during prolonged exercise tests on a rowing ergometer at power outputs corresponding to two concepts of anaerobic threshold (1998) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 77, pp. 164-169 Baldari, C., Guidetti, L., A simple method for individual anaerobic threshold as predictor of max lactate steady state (2000) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 32, pp. 1798-1802 Guidetti, L., Musulin, A., Baldari, C., Physiological factors in middleweight boxing performance (2002) J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 42, pp. 309-314 Stegmann, H., Kindermann, W., Comparison of prolonged exercise tests at the individual anaerobic threshold and the fixed anaerobic threshold of 4 mmol.l(-1) lactate (1982) Int J Sports Med, 3, pp. 105-110 Bourgois, J., Vrijens, J., The Conconi test: A controversial concept for the determination of the anaerobic threshold in young rowers (1998) Int J Sports Med, 19, pp. 553-559 Dickhuth, H.H., Yin, L., Niess, A., Rocker, K., Mayer, F., Heitkamp, H.C., Ventilatory, lactate-derived and catecholamine thresholds during incremental treadmill running: Relationship and reproducibility (1999) Int J Sports Med, 20, pp. 122-127 McNaughton, L., Wakefield, G., Fasset, R., Bentley, D., A comparison of lactate kinetics, minute ventilation and acid-base balance as measure of the anaerobic threshold (2001) Journal of Human Moviment Studies, 41, pp. 247-261 Hughes, E.F., Turner, S.C., Brooks, G.A., Effects of glycogen depletion and pedaling speed on anaerobic threshold" (1982) J Appl Physiol, 52, pp. 1598-1607 Yoshida, T., Effect of dietary modifications on lactate threshold and onset of blood lactate accumulation during incremental exercise (1984) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 53, pp. 200-205 Berry, M.J., Stoneman, J.V., Weyrich, A.S., Burney, B., Dissociation of the ventilatory and lactate thresholds following caffeine ingestion (1991) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 23, pp. 463-469 McLellan, T.M., Jacobs, I., Active recovery, endurance training, and the calculation of the individual anaerobic threshold (1989) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 21, pp. 586-592 Aunola, S., Rusko, H., Does anaerobic threshold correlate with maximal lactate steady-state? (1992) J Sports Sci, 10, pp. 309-323 Ribeiro, J.P., Hughes, V., Fielding, R.A., Holden, W., Evans, W., Knuttgen, H.G., Metabolic and ventilatory responses to steady state exercise relative to lactate thresholds (1986) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 55, pp. 215-221 Yamamoto, Y., Miyashita, M., Hughson, R.L., Tamura, S., Shinohara, M., Mutoh, Y., The ventilatory threshold gives maximal lactate steady state (1991) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 63, pp. 55-59 Wyatt, F.B., Comparison of lactate and ventilatory threshold to maximal oxygen consumption: A meta analysis (1999) Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 13, pp. 67-71 Ahmaidi, S., Hardy, J.M., Varray, A., Collomp, K., Mercier, J., Prefaut, C., Respiratory gas exchange indices used to detect the blood lactate accumulation threshold during an incremental exercise test in young athletes (1993) Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol, 66, pp. 31-36 Dickstein, K., Barvik, S., Aarsland, T., Snapinn, S., Karlsson, J., A comparison of methodologies in detection of the anaerobic threshold (1990) Circulation, 81, pp. II38-II46 Davis, J.A., Frank, M.H., Whipp, B.J., Wasserman, K., Anaerobic threshold alterations caused by endurance training in middle-aged men (1979) J Appl Physiol, 46, pp. 1039-1046 Beaver, W.L., Wasserman, K., Whipp, B.J., A new method for detecting anaerobic threshold by gas exchange (1986) J Appl Physiol, 60, pp. 2020-2027 Simon, J., Young, J.L., Blood, D.K., Segal, K.R., Case, R.B., Gutin, B., Plasma lactate and ventilation thresholds in trained and untrained cyclists (1986) J Appl Physiol, 60, pp. 777-781 Davis, J.A., Anaerobic threshold: Review of the concept and directions for future research (1985) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 17, pp. 6-21 Stone, M.H., Sands, W.A., Stone, M.E., The downfall of sports science in the United States (2004) Strength Cond J, 26, pp. 72-75