For many years, cisplatin has been used to treat many types of cancer, including urogenital, skin and lung cancers. Unfortunately, treatment with this drug causes serious side effects, such as severe toxicity; including nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity, asthenia and hematological toxicity.Therefore, the clinical use of cisplatin has been hampered.The incidence of nephrotoxicity frequently prevents the use of high enough doses to maximize the antineoplastic effects, and strict attention must be given to the hydration of cisplatin-treated patients to minimize kidney damage.Nanobiotechnology, or nanomedicine, was developed to mitigate, or even eliminate,the toxic effects of pharmaceutical compounds; for example, drug-targeting systems were developed to enable site specificity and to control the delivery drug. Therefore, biomedical nanotechnology researchers attempted to develop nanostructures not only to deliver chemotherapeutics to the desired treatment site but also to control when and how quickly the compounds are released. To achieve these ends, a drug can either be encapsulated in a matrix or attached to a particle surface. Studies concerning the encapsulation of cisplatin in liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes, as well as the immobilization of cisplatin on metallic nanoparticles, have already been published. The association of cancer treatment, particularly chemotherapeutics, with nanotechnology is currently one of the most exciting areas of research. In this mini-review, cisplatin will be discussed in terms of its efficacy against many cancers, including bladder cancer. Additionally, established nanostructure-based drug delivery systems for cisplatin and their efficacy against different types of cancer will be reviewed. Because cisplatin is a standard treatment with good performance statistics and with an effective renal function-glomerular filtration rate, we expect that this review will be helpful for future research. © 2014 Bentham Science Publishers.145458476Marcato, P.D., Durán, N., New aspects of nanopharmaceutical delivery systems (2008) J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 8 (5), pp. 2216-2229Melo, P.S., Marcato, P.D., Durán, N., (2011) Nanocosmetics and Nanomedicines: New approaches for skin care, 1, pp. 229-238. , InS.S. Guterres, R. Beck and A. Polhmann, Eds.Springer: GermanyDe Souza, A.O., Silva, C.L., Durán, N., Andrade-Santana, M.H., Antimycobacterial and cytotoxicity activities of free and liposomeencapsulated 3-(4'-bromo[1, 1'-biphenyl-4-yl)-3-(4-bromo-phenyl)-N, N-dimethyl-2-propen-1-amine (2010) Quim. Nova, 33 (4), pp. 871-874Marcato, P.D., Adami, L.F., Barbosa, R.M., Melo, P.S., Ferreira, I.R., de Paula, L., Durán, N., Seabra, A.B., Development of a Sustained-release System for Nitric Oxide Delivery using Alginate/Chitosan Nanoparticles (2013) Curr. Nanosci., 9 (1), pp. 1-7Melo, P.S., De Azevedo, M.M.M., Frungillo, L., Anazetti, M.C., Marcato, P.D., Durán, N., Nanocytotoxicity: Violacein and Violacein-Loaded Poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) Nanoparticles Acting on Human Leukemic Cells (2009) J. Biomed. Nanotechnol., 5 (2), pp. 192-201Durán, N., Marcato, P.D., Buffo, C., De Azevedo, M.M.M., Esposito, E., Poly(e-caprolactone)/propolis extract: Microencapsulation and antibacterial activity evaluation (2007) Die. Pharmazie., 62 (4), pp. 287-290Marcato, P.D., Caverzan, J., Rossi-Bergmann, B., Pinto, E.F., Machado, D., Silva, R.A., Justo, G.Z., Durán, N., Nanostructured polymer and lipid carriers for sunscreen (2011) Biological effects and skin permeation. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 11 (3), pp. 1880-1886Marcato, P.D., Preparação, caracterização e aplicações em fármacos e cosméticos de nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas (2009) Rev. Eletronica. Fármacia, 6 (2), pp. 1-37Ridolfi, D., Marcato, P.D., Justo, G.Z., Cordi, L., Machado, D., Durán, N., Solid lipid nanoparticles coated with chitosan as carrier for topical delivery of Tretinoin (2012) Colloids Surf. B: Biointerf., 93, pp. 36-40Pereira, A.C., Kisner, A., Durán, N., Kubota, L.T., The Effects of dimensionality on electrochemical sensors based on carbon nanotubes and metallic nanowires (2010) J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 10 (2), pp. 651-667Durán, N., Marcato, P.D., Durán, M., Yadav, A., Gade, A., Rai, M., Mechanistic aspects in the biogenic synthesis of extracellular metal nanoparticles by peptides, bacteria, fungi and plants (2011) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 90 (5), pp. 1609-1624Marcato, P.D., Parizotto, N.V., Martinez, D.S.T., Paula, A.J., Ferreira, I.R., Melo, P.S., Durán, N., Alves, O.L., New hybrid material based on layered double hydroxides and biogenic silver nanoparticles: antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic effect (2013) J. Brazilian Chem. Soc., 24 (2), pp. 1-7Marcato, P.D., Durán, M., Huber, S., Rai, M., Melo, P.S., Alves, O.L., Durán, N., Biogenic silver nanoparticles and its antifungal activity as a new topical transungual drug (2012) J. Nano. Res., 20, pp. 99-107Marcato, P.D., Nakasato, G., Brocchi, M., Melo, P.S., Huber, S.C., Ferreira, I.R., Alves, O.L., Durán, N., Biogenic silver nanoparticles: Antibacterial and cytotoxicity applied to textile fabrics (2012) J. Nano Res., 20, pp. 69-76Rai, M., Gade, A., Gaikwad, S., Marcato, P.D., Durán, N., Biomedical Applications of Nanobiosensors: The-State-of-The-Art (2012) J. Brazilian Chem. Soc., 23 (1), pp. 14-24Askeland, E.J., Newton, M.R., O'Donnell, M.A., Luo, Y., Bladder Cancer Immunotherapy: BCG and Beyond (2012) Adv. Urol., 2012, p. 181987SEER Stat Fact Sheets: Bladder, , http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/urinb.html, National Cancer Institute, (Accessed April 20, 2013)Bellmunt, J., Albanell, J., Paz-Ares, L., Climentm, M.A., González-Larriba, J.L., Carles, J., de la Cruz, J.J., Baselga, J., Pretreatment prognostic factors for survival in patients with advanced urothelial tumors treated in phase I/II trial with paclitaxel, cisplatin and gemcitabine (2002) Cancer, 95 (4), pp. 751-757Shikanov, A., Shikanov, S., Vaisman, B., Golenser, J., Domb, A.J., Cisplatin tumor biodistribution and efficacy after intratumoral injection of a biodegradable extended release implant (2011) Chemother. Res. Practice., 2011, p. 175054Stathopoulos, G.P., Antoniou, D., Dimitroulis, J., Stathopoulos, J., Marosis, K., Michalopoulou, P., Comparison of liposomal cisplatin versus cisplatinin non-squamous cell non-small-cell lung cancer (2011) Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 68 (4), pp. 945-950Farrell, N.P., Platinum formulations as anticancer drugs clinical and pre-clinical studies (2011) Curr. Topics Med. Chem., 11 (21), pp. 2623-2631Farrokhi, F., Ardjmand, M., Alavi, S.A., A study of cis-platin effects as anticancer drug (2012) Proceeding of 2nd Inter. Conf. Advan. Biotechnol. Pharm. Sci., pp. 12-14. , In, ICABPS, BaliSilva, G.B., Vargas, M.D., Pt4+ Complexes: Molecular approach against Câncer (2012) Rev. Virtual. Quim., 4 (2), pp. 102-117Moore, D.H., Chemotherapy for recurrent cervical carcinoma (2006) Curr. Opinion Oncol., 18 (5), pp. 516-519Rabik, C.A., Dolan, M.E., Molecular mechanisms ofresistance and toxicity associated with platinating agents (2007) Cancer Treat. Rev., 33 (1), pp. 9-23Sternberg, C.N., Donat, S.M., Bellmunt, J., Millikan, R.E., Stadler, W., De Mulder, P., Sherif, A., Soloway, M.S., Chemotherapy for bladder cancer: treatment guidelines for neoadjuvant chemotherapy, bladder preservation, adjuvant chemotherapy, and metastatic cancer (2007) Urology, 69 (1), pp. 62-79Harmers, F.P., Gispen, W.H., Neijt, J.P., Neurotoxic side-effects of cisplatin (2006) Eur. J. Cancer, 27 (3), pp. 372-376Humanes, B., Lazaro, A., Camano, S., Moreno-Gordaliza, E., Lazaro, J.A., Blanco-Codesido, M., Lara, J.M., Tejedor, A., Cilastatin protects against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity without compromising its anticancer efficiency in rats (2012) Kidney Int., 82 (6), pp. 652-663Berners-Price, S.J., Appleton, T.G., (2000), 1, pp. 1-35. , In: Kelland LR, N.P. Farrell, Ed.Humana Press: TotowaLee, K.W., Jeong, J.Y., Lim, B.J., Chang, Y.K., Lee, S.J., Na, K.R., Shin, Y.T., Choi, D.E., Sildenafil attenuates renal injury in an experimental model or rat cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (2009) Toxicology, 257 (3), pp. 137-143Yao, X., Panichpisal, K., Kurtzman, N., Nugent, K., Cisplatin nephrotoxicity: A review (2007) Am. J. Med. Sci., 334 (2), pp. 115-124Pabla, N., Dong, Z., Cisplatin nephrotoxicity: Mechanisms and renoprotective strategies (2008) Kidney Int., 73 (9), pp. 994-1007Nagothu, K.K., Bhatt, R., Kaushal, G.P., Portilla, D., Fibrate prevents cisplatin-induced proximal tubule cell death (2005) Kidney Int., 68 (6), pp. 2680-2693Choi, D.E., Jeong, J.Y., Lim, B.J., Lee, K.W., Shin, Y.-T., Na, K.-R., Pretreatment with darbepoetin attenuates renal injury in a rat model of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity (2009) Korean J. Intern. Med., 24 (3), pp. 238-246Jin, S., Labhasetwar, V., Nanotechnology in urology (2009) Urol. Clin. North Am., 36 (2), pp. 179-188Ramachandran, S., Quist, A.P., Kumar, S., Lal, R., Cisplatinnano-liposomes for cancer therapy: AFM and fluorescenceimaging of cisplatin encapsulation, stability, cellular uptake, and toxicity (2008) Langmuir, 22 (19), pp. 8156-8162Uchino, U., Matsumura, Y., Negishi, T., Koizumi, F., Hayashi, T., Honda, T., Nishiyama, N., Kakizoe, T., Cisplatin incorporating polymeric micelles (NC-6004) can reduce nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity of cisplatin in rats (2005) Br. J. Cancer, 93 (6), pp. 678-687Konishi, M., Tabata, Y., Kariya, M., Suzuki, A., Mandai, M., Nanbu, K., Takakura, K., Fujii, S., In vivoantitumor effect through the controlled release of cisplatin frombiodegradable gelatin hydrogel (2003) J. Control Rel., 92 (3), pp. 301-313Chen, F.A., Kuriakose, M.A., Zhou, M.X., DeLacure, M.D., Dunn, R.L., Biodegradable polymer-mediated intratumoraldelivery of cisplatin for treatment of human head and necksquamous cell carcinoma in a chimeric mouse model (2003) Head Neck., 25 (7), pp. 554-560Yapp, D.T.T., Lloyd, D.K., Zhu, J., Lehnert, S.M., Cisplatindelivery by biodegradable polymer implant is superior tosystemic delivery by osmotic pump or i. p. injection in tumorbearingmice (1998) Anti-Cancer Drugs, 9 (9), pp. 791-796Peer, D., Karp, J.M., Hong, S., Farokhzad, O.C., Margalit, R., Langer, R., Nanocarriers as an emerging platform for cancer therapy (2007) Nat. Nanotechnol., 2, pp. 751-760Zhang, L., Gu, F.X., Chan, J.M., Wang, A.Z., Langer, R.S., Farokhzad, O.C., Nanoparticles in medicine: Therapeutic applications and developments (2008) Clin. Pharmacol. Ther., 83 (5), pp. 761-769Alexis, A., Pridgen, E., Molnar, L.K., Farokhzad, O.V., Factors affecting the clearance and biodistribution of polymeric nanoparticles (2008) Mol. Pharm., 5 (4), pp. 505-515Kumari, A., Yadav, S.K., Subhash, C., Yadav, S.C., Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles based drug delivery systems (2010) Colloids Surf B: Biointerf., 75 (1), pp. 1-18Figueiredo, M., Rinat, E.R., PLGA Nanoparticles for ultrasound-mediated gene delivery to solid tumors (2012) J. Drug. Deliv., , ID 767839Ismaili, N., Amzerin, M., Flechon, A., Chemotherapy in advanced bladder cancer: Current status and future (2011) J. Hematol. Oncol., 4 (35), pp. 1-11Chaudhury, A., Das, S., Lee, R.F.S., Tan, K.B., Ng, W.K., Tan, R.B.H., Chiu, G.N.C., Lyophilization of cholesterol-free PEGylated liposomes and its impact on drug loading by passive equilibration (2012) Inter. J. Pharm., 430 (1-2), pp. 167-175Zamboni, W.C., Gervais, A.C., Egorin, M.J., Schellens, J.H., Zuhowski, E.G., Pluim Joseph, E., Hamburger, D.R., Eisemen, J.L., Systemic and tumor disposition of platinum after administration of cisplatin or STEALTH liposomal-cisplatin formulations (SPI-077 and SPI-077 B103) in a preclinical tumor model of melanoma (2004) Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 53 (4), pp. 329-336Harrington, K.J., Lewanski, C.R., Northcote, A.D., Whittaker, J., Wellbank, H., Vile, R.G., Peters, A.M., Stewart, J.S., Phase I-II study of pegylated liposomal cisplatin (SPI-077) in patients with inoperable head and neck cancer (2001) Ann. Oncol., 12 (4), pp. 493-496Giljohann, D.A., Seferos, D.S., Patel, P.C., Millstone, J.E., Rosi, N.L., Mirkin, C.A., Oligonucleotide loading determines cellular uptake of DNA-modified gold nanoparticles (2007) Nano Lett., 7 (12), pp. 3818-3821Canta, A., Chiorazzi, A., Carozzi, V., Meregalli, C., Oggioni, N., Sala, B., Crippa, L., Cavaletti, G., In vivocomparative study of the cytotoxicity of a liposomal formulation of cisplatin (lipoplatin™) Cancer Chemother (2011) Pharmacol., 68 (4), pp. 1001-1008Boulikas, T., Clinical overview on Lipoplatin™: A successful liposomal formulation of cisplatin (2009) Expert Opinion Invest Drugs, 18 (8), pp. 1197-1218Stathopoulos, P.G., Rigatos, S., Stathopoulos, J., Batzios, S., Liposomal cisplatin in cancer patients with renal failure (2012) J. Drug Deliv. Ther., 2 (3), pp. 106-109Dragovich, T., Mendelson, D., Kurtin, S., Richardson, K., HoV, D.V., Hoos, A.A., Phase 2 trial of the liposomal DACH platinum LNDDP in patients with therapy-refractory advanced colorectal cancer (2006) Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 58 (6), pp. 759-764Paraskar, A., Soni, S., Roy, B., Papa, A.L., Sengupta, S., Rationally designed oxaliplatinnanoparticle for enhanced antitumor efficacy (2012) Nanotechnology, 23 (7), p. 075103Alderden, R.A., Hall, M.D., Hambley, T.W., The discovery and development of cisplatin (2006) J. Chem. Educ., 83 (5), pp. 728-734Aryal, S., Hu, C.M.J., Zhang, L., Synthesis of Ptsome: A platinumbased liposome-like nanostructure (2012) Chem. Commun., 48 (20), pp. 2630-2632Leite, E.A., Lana, A.M.Q., Carvalho Jr., A.D., Coelho, L.G.V., De Oliveira, M.C., Acute toxicity study of cisplatin loaded long-circulating and pH-sensitive liposomes administered in mice J (2012) Biomed. Nanotechnol., 8 (2), pp. 229-239Sengupta, P., Basu, S., Soni, S., Pandey, A., Roy, B., Oh, M.S., Chin, K.T., Sengupta, S., Cholesterol-tethered platinum IIbased supramolecular nanoparticle increases antitumor efficacy and reduces nephrotoxicity (2012) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 109 (28), pp. 11294-11299Iinuma, H., Maruyama, K., Okinaga, K., Sasaki, K., Sekine, T., Ishida, O., Ogiwara, N., Yonemura, Y., Intracellular targeting therapy of cisplatin-encapsulated transferrin-polyethylene glycol liposome on peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer (2002) Int. J. Cancer, 99 (1), pp. 130-137Briz, O., Serrano, M.A., Rebollo, N., Hagenbuch, B., Méier, P.J., Koepsell, H., Marin, J.J.G., Carriers involved in targeting the cytostatic bile acidcisplatin derivatives cis-diamminechlorocholylglycinate-platinum(II) and cis-diamminebisursodeoxycholate-platinum(II) toward liver cells (2002) Mol. Pharmacol., 61 (4), pp. 853-860Li, S., Khokhar, A.R., Perez-Soler, R., Huang, L., Improved antitumor activity of cis-Bis-neodecanoato-trans-R, R-1, 2-diamino-cyclohexaneplatinum (II) entrapped in long-circulating liposomes (1995) Oncol. Res., 7 (12), pp. 611-617Mori, A., Wu, S.P., Han, I., Khokhar, A.R., Perez-Soler, R., Huang, L., In vivoanti-tumor activity of cis-bis-neodecanoato-transR, R-1, 2-diaminocyclohexane platinum(II) formulated in longcirculating liposomes (1996) Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 37 (5), pp. 435-444Zisman, N., Dos Santos, N., Johnstone, S., Tsang, A., Bermudes, D., Mayer, L., Tardi, P., Optimizing Liposomal Cisplatin Efficacy through Membrane Composition Manipulations (2011) Chem. Res. Practice., 2001. , ID 213848Sun, X.Y., Chen, H.L., Liang, W.Q., Polyethylenimine modified liposomes as potential carrier for antitumor drug delivery in vitro (2012) Pharmazie., 67 (5), pp. 426-431Hirabayashi, K., Yano, J., Inoue, T., Yamaguchi, T., Tanigawara, K., Smyth, G.E., Ishiyama, K., Irimura, T., Inhibition of cancer cell growth by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid/cationic liposome complex: A new biological activity (1999) Cancer. Res., 59 (17), pp. 4325-4333Nogawa, M., Yuasa, T., Kimura, S., Tanaka, M., Kuroda, J., Sato, K., Yokota, A., Maekawa, T., Intravesical administration of small interfering RNA targeting PLK-1 successfully prevents the growth of bladder cancer (2005) J. Clin. Invest., 115 (4), pp. 958-985Ou, W., Ye, S., Yang, W., Wang, Y., Ma, Q., Yu, C., Shi, H., Wei, Y., Enhanced antitumor effect of cisplatin in human NSCLC cells by tumor suppressor LKB1 (2012) Cancer Gene. Ther., 19 (7), pp. 489-498Zhang, L.W., Wen, C.J., Al-Suwayeh, A.S., Yen, T.C., Fang, J.Y., Cisplatin and quantum dots encapsulated in liposomes as multifunctional nanocarriers for theranostic use in brain and skin (2012) J. Nanopart. Res., 14 (7), pp. 1-18Baruah, B., Surin, A., Interaction of liposome-encapsulated cisplatin with biomolecules (2012) J. Biol. Inorg. Chem., 17 (6), pp. 899-910Arrieta, O., Medina, L.A., Estrada-Lobato, E., Hernandez-Pedro, N., Villanueva-Rodriguez, G., Martinez-Barrera, L., Macedo, E.O., Corona-Cruz, J.F., First-line chemotherapy with liposomal doxorubicin plus cisplatin for patients with advanced malignant pleural mesothelioma: Phase II trial (2012) Br. J. Cancer, 106 (6), pp. 1027-1032Dhar, S., Gu, F.X., Langer, R., Farokhzad, O.C., Lippard, S.J., Targeted delivery of cisplatinto prostate cancer cells by aptamer functionalized Pt(IV) prodrug-PLGA-PEG nanoparticles (2008) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 105 (45), pp. 17356-17361Harper, B.W., Krause-Heuer, A.M., Grant, M.P., Manohar, M., Garbutcheon-Singh, K.B., Aldrich-Wright, J.R., Advances in platinum chemotherapeutics (2010) Chem. Eur. J., 16, pp. 7064-7077Avgoustakis, K., Beletsi, A., Panagi, Z., Klepetsanis, P., Karydas, A.G., Ithakissios, D.S., PLGA-mPEG nanoparticles of cisplatin: In vitronanoparticle degradation, in vitrodrug release and in vivo drug residence in blood properties (2002) J. Control Release, 79 (1-3), pp. 123-135Nishiyama, N., Okazaki, S., Cabral, H., Miyamoto, M., Kato, Y., Sugiyama, Y., Nishio, K., Kataoka, K., Novel cisplatin-incorporated polymeric micelles can eradicate solid tumors in mice (2003) Cancer Res., 63, pp. 8977-8983Liang, X.J., Chen, C., Zhao, Y., Wang, P.C., Circumventing tumor resistance to chemotherapy by nanotechnology (2010) Methods Mol. Biol., 596, pp. 467-488Kovacs, A.F., Turowski, B., Chemoembolization of oral and oropharyngeal cancer using a high-dose cisplatin crystal suspension and degradable starch microspheres (2002) Oral Oncol., 38 (1), pp. 87-95Chen, J.P., Leu, Y.L., Fang, C.L., Chen, C.H., Fang, J.Y., Thermosensitive hydrogels composed of hyaluronic acid and gelatin as carriers for the intravesical administration of cisplatin (2011) J. Pharm. Sci., 100 (2), pp. 655-666Kim, J.H., Kim, Y.S., Park, K., Lee, S., Nam, H.Y., Min, K.H., Jo, H.G., Kwon, I.C., Antitumor efficacy of cisplatin-loaded glycol chitosan nanoparticles in tumor-bearing mice (2008) J. Control Release, 127 (1), pp. 41-49Mugabe, C., Matsui, Y., So, A.I., Gleave, M.E., Baker, J.H.E., Minchinton, A.I., Manisali, I., Burt, H.M., In vivo evaluation of mucoadhesive nanoparticulate docetaxel for intravesical treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (2011) Clin. Cancer Res., 17 (9), pp. 2788-2798Ye, L., Letchford, K., Heller, M., Liggins, R., Guan, D., Kizhakkedathu, J.N., Brooks, D.E., Burt, H.M., Synthesis and characterization of carboxylic acid conjugated, hydrophobically derivatized, hyperbranched polyglycerols as nanoparticulate drug carriers for cisplatin (2011) Biomacromolecules, 12 (1), pp. 145-155Zhu, W., Li, Y., Liu, L., Chen, Y., Wang, C., Fu, X.F., Supramolecular hydrogels from cisplatin-loaded block copolymer nanoparticles and α-cyclodextrins with a stepwise delivery property (2010) Biomacromolecules, 11 (11), pp. 3086-3092Hu, M., Furukawa, S., Ohtani, R., Sukegawa, H., Nemoto, Y., Reboul, J., Kitagawa, S., Yamauchi, Y., Synthesis of Prussian Blue nanoparticles with a hollow interior by controlled chemical etching (2012) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 51 (4), pp. 984-988Lian, H.Y., Hu, M., Liu, C.H., Yamauchi, Y., Wu, K.C.W., Highly biocompatible, hollow coordination polymer nanoparticles as cisplatin carriers for efficient intracellular drug delivery (2012) Chem. Commun., 48 (42), pp. 5151-5153Huang, C., Neoh, K.G., Xu, L., Kang, E.T., Chiong, E., Polymeric nanoparticles with encapsulated superparamagnetic iron oxide and conjugated cisplatin for potential bladder cancer therapy (2012) Biomacromolecules, 13 (8), pp. 2513-2520Oberoi, H.S., Nukolova, N.V., Laquer, F.C., Poluektova, L.Y., Huang, J., Alnouti, Y., Yokohira, M., Bronich, T.K., 1, 2-Cisplatin-loaded core crosslinked micelles: Comparative pharmacokinetics, antitumor activity, and toxicity in mice (2012) Inter. J. Nanomed., 7, pp. 2557-2571Wang, Y., Liu, P., Qiu, L., Sun, Y., Zhu, M., Gu, L., Di, W., Duan, Y., Toxicity and therapy of cisplatin-loaded EGF modified mPEGPLGA-PLL nanoparticles for SKOV3 cancer in mice (2013) Biomaterials, 34 (16), pp. 4068-4077Elhissi, A.M.A., Ahmed, W., Hassan, I.U., Dhanak, V.R., D'Emanuele, A., Carbon nanotubes in cancer therapy and drug delivery (2012) J. Drug Deliv., 2012. , ID 837327Bhirde, A.A., Patel, V., Gavard, J., Zhang, G., Sousa, A.A., Masedunskas, A., Leapman, R.D., Rusling, J.F., Targeted killing of cancer cells in vivoand in vitro with EGF-directed carbon nanotube-based drug delivery (2009) ACS. Nano., 3 (2), pp. 307-316Yang, F., Fu, D.L., Long, J., Ni, Q.X., Magnetic lymphatic targeting drug delivery system using carbon nanotubes (2008) Med. Hypotheses, 70 (4), pp. 765-767Yang, F., Hu, J., Yang, D., Long, J., Luo, G., Jin, C., Yu, X., Fu, D., Pilot study of targeting magnetic carbon nanotubes to lymph nodes (2009) Nanomedicine, 4 (3), pp. 317-330Dhar, S., Liu, Z., Thomale, J., Dai, H., Lippard, S.J., Targeted single-wall carbon nanotube-mediated Pt(IV) prodrug delivery using folate as a homing device (2008) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130 (34), pp. 11467-11476Liu, Z., Chen, K., Davis, C., Sherlock, S., Cao, Q., Chen, X., Dai, H., Drug Delivery with Carbon Nanotubes for In vivoCancer Treatment (2008) Cancer Res., 68 (16), pp. 6652-6660Chen, G., He, Y., Wu, X., Zhang, Y., Luo, C., Jing, P., In vitroand in vivostudies of pirarubicin-loaded SWNT for the treatment of bladder cancer (2012) Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 45 (8), pp. 771-776Feazell, R.P., Nakayama-Ratchford, N., Dai, H., Lippard, S.J., Soluble single-walled carbon nanotubes as longboat delivery systems for platinum(IV) anticancer drug design (2007) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 129 (27), pp. 8438-8439Hampel, S., Kunze, D., Haase, D., Krämer, K., Rauschenbach, M., Ritschel, M., Leonhardt, A., Büchner, B., Carbon nanotubes filled with a chemotherapeutic agent: A nanocarrier mediates inhibition of tumor cell growth (2008) Nanomedicine, 3 (2), pp. 175-182Tripisciano, C., Kraemer, K., Taylor, A., Borowiak-Palen, E., Single-wall carbon nanotubes based anticancer drug delivery system (2009) Chem. Phys. Lett., 478 (4-6), pp. 200-205Karchemski, F., Zucker, D., Barenholz, Y., Regev, O., Carbon nanotubes-liposomes conjugate as a platform for drug delivery into cells (2012) J. Control Release, 160 (2), pp. 339-345Guven, A., Rusakova, I.A., Lewis, M.T., Wilson, L.J., Cisplatin@ US-tube carbon nanocapsules for enhanced chemotherapeutic delivery (2012) Biomaterials, 33 (5), pp. 1455-1461Ding, W., Wada, M., Minamikawa, H., Kameta, N., Masuda, M., Shimizu, T., Cisplatin-encapsulated organic nanotubes by endocomplexation in the hollow cylinder (2012) Chem. Commun., 48 (69), pp. 8625-8627Durán, N., Marcato, P.D., Teixeira, Z., Durán, M., Costa, F.T.M., Brocchi, M., State of art of nanobiotechnology applications in neglected diseases (2009) Curr. Nanosci., 5 (4), pp. 396-408Durán, N., Marcato, P.D., (2012) Nano-Antimicrobials: Progress and Prospects, 1, pp. 337-374. , InM. Rai and N. Cioffi., Eds.Springer: GermanyWang, A.Z., Langer, R., Farokhzad, O.C., Nanoparticle delivery of cancer drugs (2012) Annu. Rev. Med., 63, pp. 185-198Voliani, V., Signore, G., Nifosí, R., Ricci, F., Luin, S., Beltram, F., Smart delivery and controlled drug release with gold nanoparticles: New frontiers in nanomedicine (2012) Recent. Pat. Nanomed., 2 (1), pp. 34-44Tomuleasa, C., Soritau, O., Orza, A., Dudea, M., Petrushev, B., Mosteanu, O., Susman, S., Irimie, A., Gold nanoparticles conjugated with cisplatin/doxorubicin/capecitabine lower the chemoresistance of hepatocellular carcinoma-derived cancer cells (2012) J. Gastrointestin. Liver. Dis., 21 (2), pp. 187-196Craig, G.E., Brown, S.D., Lamprou, D.A., Graham, D., Wheate, N.J., Cisplatin-tethered gold nanoparticles that exhibit enhanced reproducibility, drug loading, and stability: A step closer to pharmaceutical approval? Inorg (2012) Chem., 51 (6), pp. 3490-3497Kumar, K.S., Jaikumar, V., Gold and iron oxide nanoparticle-based ethylcellulose nanocapsules for cisplatin drug delivery (2011) Iranian. J. Pharm. Res., 10 (3), pp. 415-424Dhar, S., Daniel, W.L., Giljohann, D.A., Mirkin, C.A., Lippard, S.J., Polyvalent oligonucleotide gold nanoparticle conjugates as delivery vehicles for platinum (IV) warheads (2009) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131 (41), pp. 14652-14653Dhar, S., Kolishetti, N., Lippard, S.J., Farokhzad, O.C., Targeted delivery of cisplatin for safer and more effective prostate cancer therapy in vivo (2011) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 108 (5), pp. 1850-1855Seferos, D.S., Prigodich, A., Giljohann, D.A., Patel, P.C., Mirkin, C.A., Polyvalent DNA nanoparticle conjugates stabilize nucleic acids (2009) Nano Lett., 9 (1), pp. 308-311Di Pasqua, A.J., Mishler, R.E., Ship, Y.L., Dabrowiak, J.C., Asefa, T., Preparation of antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles (2009) Mater. Lett., 63 (21), pp. 1876-1879Xie, M., Xu, Y., Liu, J., Zhang, T., Zhang, H., Preparation and characterization of folate targeting magnetic nanomedicine loaded with cisplatin (2012) J. Nanomat., 2012. , ID 921034Doijad, R.C., Manvi, F.V., Godhwani, D.M., Joseph, R., Deshmukh, N.V., Formulation and targeting efficiency of cisplatin engineered solid lipid nanoparticles (2008) Indian J. Pharm. Sci., 70 (2), pp. 203-207Gu, J., Liu, J., Li, Y., Zhao, W., Shi, J., One-pot synthesis of mesoporous silica nanocarriers with tunable particle sizes and pendent carboxylic groups for cisplatin delivery (2013) Langmuir., 29 (1), pp. 403-410Babu, A., Templeton, A.K., Munshi, A., Ramesh, R., Nanoparticlebased drug delivery for therapy of lung cancer: Progress and challenges (2013) Nanomat., , Article ID 863951Yang, X.Z., Du, X.J., Liu, Y., Zhu, Y.H., Liu, Y.Z., Li, Y.P., Wang, J., Rational design of polyion complex nanoparticles to overcome cisplatin resistance in cancer therapy (2014) Adv. Mater., 26 (6), pp. 931-936Ganesh, S., KIyer, A., Weiler, J., Morrissey, D.V., Amiji, M.M., Combination of siRNA-directed gene silencing with cisplatin reverses drug resistance in human non-small cell lung cancer (2013) Mol. Ther. Nucleic Acid, 2, pp. e110